納蘭的詞范例6篇

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納蘭的詞范文1

關鍵詞:納蘭性德 愛情 愛情詞

納蘭性德,滿清著名詞人。他的詞清新婉麗,獨具真情銳感,直指本心,在他生前刻本出版后產生過“家家爭唱”的轟動效應。在他身后,納蘭被譽為“滿清第一詞人”、“第一學人”。[1]他的主要成就在詞方面,先后集結為《側帽詞》和《飲水詞》,后人多稱納蘭詞。內容涉及極為廣泛,愛情、友情、江南、詠史詠物,邊塞詞也有很多,而悼亡詞在他這里達到了一個頂峰。其詞獨具真情的敏銳感,直指本心,其中尤以愛情(悼亡詞)最為交感凄艷、引人共鳴?,F代心理學認為,人的體驗有兩種,一種是豐富性體驗,即由于生活的美滿、愛的溫暖、事業的成功以及潛能的充分實現等所引起的滿足、愉快的情感體驗,一種是缺失性體驗,即由于生活的不幸、愛的失落、事業的失敗以及潛能的無法實現等所引起的痛苦、焦慮等情感體驗。[2]文藝創作似乎與這種缺失性體驗有著不解之緣。納蘭性德的愛情詞創作似乎印證了這一說法。

一.納蘭性德的愛情

愛情是人類感情的升華,是內心情感的流露,是與生俱來的, 也是人類生活中不可或缺的一個重要組成部分,同時又是文學藝術里永恒的主題。但愛情對于每一個人,卻又表現出千差萬別的形態,喜怒哀樂,悲歡離合,種種不一。納蘭性德的一生是短暫的,而他短暫的愛情更是他短暫一生最大的凄美,也是其愛情詞的主要源泉。

納蘭性德的初戀是他的表妹,那個女子后來進宮當了皇上的女人,這是容若一生引以為憾的事情。后來奉父母之命,娶了盧氏,但他不愛她,可盧氏卻對他一往情深,后來被她感動,但是盧氏早逝,這讓他很悲痛,許多年后他偶然在樹下拾到盧氏配戴過的翠翹,不禁潸然淚下。對于沈婉,似乎幸福的短暫出現只是為了以后的失去作好鋪墊,兩人曾“相見恨晚”,卻最終是個郁郁而散的結局,容若宛如一個憂郁的王子,他的愛情總是充滿了太多的訣別和無奈。正如他所說:“人生若只如初見,多好。你是你的絕代佳人,我仍是我的曠世明主,沒有開始,也就沒有那般潦草的結局?!盵3]無論過程有多麼的深刻,可是最終也只能成追憶,誰辜負了誰,又有什么關系呢。

二.情感經歷對詞形成的作用

愛情作為一種意識,總是通過能動形式表現出深刻的哲理。納蘭性德失意和凄美的愛情通過一曲曲凄涼哀厲的詞展現出他內心的無奈和悲痛,于是形成了“戀情詞”“悼亡詞”“相思詞”。

1.戀情詞

納蘭性德與表妹自小青梅竹馬,并曾有婚約,不幸的是,那女子后來被選入宮中。有緣無份,有情人被拆散,這是人生永遠的隱恨。納蘭的“戀情詞”充滿了太多的悔恨和追憶“十年青鳥音塵絕,往事不堪思”(《少年游》),“此情已是成追憶,零落鴛鴦,雨歇微涼,十一年夢一場”(《采桑子》)。 又如《虞美人》:

銀床淅瀝青梧老,苑矍矧松ā2上閾寫蹙連錢,拾得翠翹何恨不能言。回廊一寸相思地,落月成孤倚。背燈和月就花陰,已是十年蹤跡十年心。

詞中的“回廊”,是一處詞人與所愛之人曾有過戀情的地方,然而,那段戀情卻已逝去了十年之久,伊人已不在,唯有歷歷往事、難以忘卻的思念還在詞人心頭永久縈繞。納蘭還寫過一首《減字木蘭花》:

相逢不語,一朵芙蓉著秋雨。小暈紅潮,斜溜鬟心只鳳翹。待將低喚,直為凝情恐人見。欲訴幽懷,轉過回闌叩玉釵。

開頭四字緊扣心弦,相愛者偶然相遇,心事卻難以訴說,只能四目交投,默默遠走。這種神態,恰是人物內心矛盾的真切表達,盡見苦悶之狀。第二句寫情人貌美如芙蓉,那淹潤的淚痕一如鮮花雨。后二句是描摹美人突然間臉飛紅暈,抖動的玉釵泄露了心事。恰是一幅靜態人物素描。下片則承前而動:乍一相逢,再難見面,“待將低喚”,可是聲音還未出口,又咽了回去。只因“恐人見”??扇绱朔珠_又心存不甘,于是抓緊時間,轉過回廊,在不顯眼的地方輕叩玉釵。這暗示的舉動,在滿是溫情的心中又深蘊著萬般無奈的凄苦,若即若離。

2.悼亡詞

納蘭性德一生的愛情生活以及他的愛情詞失意多于得意,眼淚多于歡樂,悲凄傷感,幽怨苦多。雖然我們也能看到幾篇描寫愛情歡樂的詞章,如《浣溪沙》(十八年來墮世間),描繪了妻子盧氏的美艷嬌好,表達了詩人對她無限憐愛和贊賞的激情;《浣溪沙》(旋拂輕容寫洛神)、《眼兒媚》(重見星娥碧海查),描寫了與愛妻別后重逢的喜悅之情,等等。但這樣的作品實在是寥寥可數。而其表達愛情痛苦,摹寫悲嘆和眼淚的作品倒是隨處可睹,俯拾皆是。其中最使人蕩氣回腸,傷情動感的要數他那些悼亡之作:

青衫濕遍,憑伊慰我,忍便相忘。半月前頭扶病,剪刀聲、猶在銀f。憶生來、小膽怯空房。到而今、獨伴梨花影,冷冥冥、盡意凄涼。愿指魂兮識路,教尋夢也回廊。

咫尺玉鉤斜路,一般消受,蔓草殘陽。判把長眠滴醒,和清淚、攪入椒漿。怕幽泉、還為我神傷。道薄命宜將息,再休耽、怨粉愁香。料得重圓密誓,難盡寸裂柔腸。――《青衫濕遍?悼亡》

納蘭的前妻盧氏卒于康熙十六年五月三十日,事隔半月,詩人便唱出了這哀痛欲絕的悲歌,而且從此以后“悼亡之吟不少,知己之恨尤多”。無論是亡妻的生辰忌日,也無論是詩人身在家園塞上、醒里夢里,始終沒有停止他的哀吟挽唱。這些詞或標明悼亡:《青衫濕遍?悼亡》、《沁園春?代悼亡》;或作了標題:《金縷曲?亡婦忌日有感》、《南鄉子?為亡婦題照》、《于中好?十月初四夜風雨,其明日是亡婦生辰》;或作了題序:《沁園春》:“丁巳重陽前三日,夢亡婦素妝淡服,執手哽咽,語多不復能記。但臨別有云:“銜恨愿為天上月,年年猶得向郎圓?!眿D素未工詩,不知何以得此也,覺后感賦?!毙蚺c詞璧合,凄清傷感,深細動人。而其大量的悼亡之作則是未予明示,但顯然是為亡妻而賦的:

辛苦最憐天上月。一昔如環,昔昔都成i。若似月輪終皎潔,不辭冰雪為卿熱。無那塵緣容易絕。燕子依然,軟蹋簾鉤說。唱罷秋墳愁未歇,春叢認取雙棲蝶。 ――《蝶戀花》

風絮飄殘已化萍,泥蓮剛倩藕絲索。珍重別拈香一瓣,記前生。人到情多情轉薄,而今真個悔多情。又到斷腸回首處,淚偷零。――《山花子》

鳳髻拋殘秋草生。高梧濕月冷無聲。當時七夕記深盟。信得羽衣傳鈿合,悔教羅襪葬傾城。人間空唱雨淋鈴。――《浣溪沙》

這些詞低徊纏綿,哀惋凄切,確是令人不忍卒讀。此外也有的是借詠物的形式抒寫悼亡之旨:

飛絮飛花何處是,層冰積雪摧殘。疏疏一樹五更寒,愛他明月好,憔悴也相關。

最是繁絲搖落后,轉教人憶春山。湔裙夢斷續應難,西風多少恨,吹不散眉彎。――《臨江仙?寒柳》

陳廷焯評此詞說:“言中有物,幾令人感激涕零。容若詞亦以此篇為壓卷。”則批語為:“悼亡?!泵靼字赋龃嗽~為納蘭悼亡妻而作。聊列數篇,納蘭的悼亡詞可由此而窺豹一斑了。這些作品可以說篇篇凄絕,哀傷悲愴,唱出了納蘭字字泣血的心聲。誠如前人所說,其詞“如寡婦夜哭,纏綿幽咽,不能終聽?!?/p>

還有一次他夢見妻子淡裝素服,執著他的手,哽咽著講了許多話,臨行送他兩句詩“銜恨愿為天上月,年年猶得向郎圓”。夫人不擅詩,何以作此佳句,醒來悲傷不已,悵然作《沁園春》:

瞬息浮生,薄命如斯,低徊怎忘。記繡榻閑時,并吹紅雨;雕欄曲處,同倚斜陽。夢好難留,詩殘莫續,贏得更深哭一場。遺容在,只靈飆一轉,未許端詳。

這首詞是以記夢的形式所寫的悼亡之作,歷來為人稱賞。其悱惻纏綿、聲聲血淚,可以與蘇軾的《江城子》記夢詞相媲美。該詞情真意切,哀婉動人,深刻地表現了詞人的亡妻之痛和對妻逝去的萬般無奈。全篇跌宕起伏,一波三折,低回深婉,哀怨動人。

3.相思詞

除了以上的作品外,納蘭還有一部分情詞是相思的,寫的不僅是納蘭對盧氏還有對沈婉的相思。如《夢江南》:

昏鴉盡,小立恨因誰?急雪乍翻香閣絮,輕風吹到膽瓶梅,心字已成灰。

這首《夢江南》是納蘭對在水一方的某位女子的深深思念,其實說的就是沈婉。還有一些詞是借用古題古意來表達相思之情:

鴛瓦已新霜,欲寄寒衣轉自傷。見說征人容易瘦,端相。夢里回時仔細量。

支枕怯空房,且拭清砧就月光。已是深秋兼獨夜,凄涼。月到西南更斷腸。――《南鄉子?搗衣》

這些詞雖不像納蘭的悼亡之作那樣悲凄幽咽,哀怨綿長,但其孤獨凄清,別恨悠悠的苦情則依然是灼人心脾,依舊呈現出一種“灰色”的格調,讀之令人悒悒不歡。

托馬斯?活爾夫說過:一切嚴肅的作品說到底必然是自傳性質的,而且一個人如果想要創造出任何一件具有價值的東西,他必須用他自己生活中的素材和經歷。納蘭容若的作品就是這樣。他以內心的豐富情感體驗為基礎,把所有的幸福和無奈哀傷,通過一曲曲清新哀厲的詞,讓我們真實的看到了這個才華橫溢和哀痛無奈集于一身的富家公子的人生。

參考文獻

[1]蘇櫻.納蘭詞點評[M].西安:陜西師范大學出版社,2010,(3).

[2]張菊玲.清代滿族作家文學概論[M].北京:中央民族學院出版社,1990.

[3]王國維.人間詞話[M].上海:上海古籍整理出版社,1988(3).

[4]薛梅.憔悴誰知浪得生――淺談納蘭性德愛情詞中的苦情詠嘆[J].承德師專學報,2005.

[5]黃天驥.納蘭性德和他的詞[M].廣州:廣東人民出版社,1983.

[6]張草x.納蘭性德詞選[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2006.

[7]童慶炳.中國古代心理詩學與美學[M].北京:中華書局,1992.

注 釋

[1]蘇櫻.納蘭詞點評[M].西安:陜西師范大學出版社,2010,(3).

[2]童慶炳.中國古代心理詩學與美學[M].北京:中華書局,1992,3.

納蘭的詞范文2

2、舊事逐寒朝,啼鵑恨未消。——納蘭性德《菩薩蠻·問君何事輕離別》

3、春云吹散湘簾雨,絮黏蝴蝶飛還住?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·春云吹散湘簾雨》

4、百花冷暖避東風?!{蘭性德《臨江仙·絲雨如塵云著水》

5、微暈嬌花濕欲流,簟紋燈影一生愁?!{蘭性德《浣溪沙·詠五更和湘真韻》

6、自與東君作別,刬地無聊?!{蘭性德《風流子·秋郊即事》

7、記玉勒青絲,落花時節,曾逢拾翠,忽聽吹簫。——納蘭性德《風流子·秋郊即事》

8、分明小像沉香縷,一片傷心欲畫難?!{蘭性德《于中好·送梁汾南還為題小影》

9、空將云路翼,緘恨在雕籠?!{蘭性德《詠籠鶯》

10、楊柳千條送馬蹄,北來征雁舊南飛?!{蘭性德《浣溪沙·楊柳千條送馬蹄》

11、懸崖一線天疑裂。——納蘭性德《憶秦娥·山重疊》

12、乍逐橫山時近遠,東西?!{蘭性德《南鄉子·秋暮村居》

13、曲闌深處重相見,勻淚偎人顫?!{蘭性德《虞美人·曲闌深處重相見》

14、故宮事往憑誰問,無恙是朱顏?!{蘭性德《眼兒媚·詠紅姑娘》

15、寒月悲笳,萬里西風瀚海沙。——納蘭性德《采桑子·塞上詠雪花》

16、小屏山色遠,妝薄鉛華淺?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·隔花才歇簾纖雨》

17、半生已分孤眠過,山枕檀痕涴?!{蘭性德《虞美人·曲闌深處重相見》

18、飛絮飛花何處是,層冰積雪摧殘,疏疏一樹五更寒。——納蘭性德《臨江仙·寒柳》

19、一任紫玉無情,夜寒吹裂?!{蘭性德《琵琶仙·中秋》

20、人生須行樂,君知否?容易兩鬢蕭蕭。——納蘭性德《風流子·秋郊即事》

21、色香空盡轉生香,明月小銀塘?!{蘭性德《一叢花·詠并蒂蓮》

22、月華如水,波紋似練,幾簇淡煙衰柳。——納蘭性德《踏莎行·月華如水》

23、紅淚偷垂,滿眼春風百事非?!{蘭性德《采桑子·當時錯》

24、又到斷腸回首處,淚偷零?!{蘭性德《山花子·風絮飄殘已化萍》

25、闌風伏雨催寒食,櫻桃一夜花狼藉?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·闌風伏雨催寒食》

26、非關癖愛輕模樣,冷處偏佳?!{蘭性德《采桑子·塞上詠雪花》

27、從來幽怨應無數?鐵馬金戈,青冢黃昏路?!{蘭性德《蝶戀花·出塞》

28、信回剛道別多時?!{蘭性德《浣溪沙·楊柳千條送馬蹄》

29、難怪春愁細細添?!{蘭性德《赤棗子·風淅淅》

30、嬌軟不勝垂,瘦怯那禁舞?!{蘭性德《卜算子·新柳》

31、春歸歸不得,兩槳松花隔?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·問君何事輕離別》

32、獨睡起來情悄悄,寄愁何處好?!{蘭性德《謁金門·風絲裊》

33、無處不傷心,輕塵在玉琴?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·蕭蕭幾葉風兼雨》

34、早月多情,送過梨花影?!{蘭性德《鬢云松令·詠浴》

35、中原事業如江左,芳草何須怨六朝。——納蘭性德《秣陵懷古·山色江聲共寂寥》

36、伏雨朝寒愁不勝,那能還傍杏花行?!{蘭性德《浣溪沙·伏雨朝寒愁不勝》

37、騷屑西風弄晚寒,翠袖倚闌干?!{蘭性德《眼兒媚·詠紅姑娘》

38、桂花時節約重還?!{蘭性德《于中好·送梁汾南還為題小影》

39、隔花才歇簾纖雨,一聲彈指渾無語?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·隔花才歇簾纖雨》

40、別語忒分明,午夜鶼鶼夢早醒?!{蘭性德《南鄉子·為亡婦題照》

41、燒痕殘碧盡,霜影亂紅凋?!{蘭性德《風流子·秋郊即事》

42、麥浪翻晴風飐柳,已過傷春候?!{蘭性德《四和香·麥浪翻晴風飐柳》

43、蕭蕭幾葉風兼雨,離人偏識長更苦?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·蕭蕭幾葉風兼雨》

44、獨自立瑤階,透寒金縷鞋?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·隔花才歇廉纖雨》

45、鞭影落春堤,綠錦鄣泥卷?!{蘭性德《生查子·鞭影落春堤》

46、終古閑情歸落照,一春幽夢逐游絲?!{蘭性德《浣溪沙·楊柳千條送馬蹄》

47、誰家刻燭待春風?!{蘭性德《浣溪沙·庚申除夜》

48、人在玉樓中,樓高四面風?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·春云吹散湘簾雨》

49、梁燕自雙歸,長條脈脈垂?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·隔花才歇廉纖雨》

50、塞馬一聲嘶,殘星拂大旗?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·朔風吹散三更雪》

51、別有根芽,不是人間富貴花?!{蘭性德《采桑子·塞上詠雪花》

52、月也異當時,凄清照鬢絲?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·催花未歇花奴鼓》

53、重泉若有雙魚寄?!{蘭性德《金縷曲·亡婦忌日有感》

54、珍重別拈香一瓣,記前生?!{蘭性德《山花子·風絮飄殘已化萍》

55、休近小闌干,夕陽無限山?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·春云吹散湘簾雨》

56、驀地一相逢,心事眼波難定?!{蘭性德《如夢令·正是轆轤金井》

57、明日近長安,客心愁未闌?!{蘭性德《菩薩蠻·白日驚飚冬已半》

58、是一般風景,兩樣心情?!{蘭性德《紅窗月·燕歸花謝》

59、簾影碧桃人已去,屧痕蒼蘚徑空留?!{蘭性德《浣溪沙·雨歇梧桐淚乍收》

60、楚天魂夢與香消,青山暮暮朝朝?!{蘭性德《河瀆神·風緊雁行高》

納蘭的詞范文3

Evolving Towards BasicallyBalanced Trade

China's trade surplus started gettingnoticeable in the 1ate 1990s and acceler-ated rapidly in the 21st century,reachinga peak before the international financialcrisis began to impact on trade in 2oo8.As Figure z shows,after 2008 the tradesurplus fell somewhat,and the gap nar-rowed further in 2010.

China's trade surplus in 2010 was US$183.1 billion,a year-on-year drop of 6.61percent,and the second successive annualfall.The narrowing of the margin wasmainly caused by China's dynamic do-mestic economy as the effects of China'simport expansion strategy have becomemore apparent.With the lifting of pro-eessing trade restrictions,which had beenimposed to curb exports,imporfs of pro-eessing trade-related bulk raw materialsincreased correspondingly.

In 2010,China's trade surplus ac-counted for 3.1 percent of its GDP.Someexperts have predicted that the proportionwill drop to 1 percent in 2011.We remem-ber vividly that in his letter to the G20summit last year,Timothy Geithner,U.S.Treasury Secretary,called upon membercountries to formulate quantitative tar-gets to.improve the current account im-balance and to bring down the proportionof the current account surplus/deficit toGDP to under 4 percent by 2015.WhetherChina supports this idea or otherwise,judging from the present situation,thedrastic decrease in the percentage shareof China's trade surplus in its overall GDPwill become a trend,indicating a basicallybalanced development trend in China'sforeign trade.

China's import and export trade datafor 2010 indicate that the growth mode ofChina's foreign trade is being transformedand upgraded.In 2010,while process-ing trade maintained steady growth inimports and exports,there was a rapidincrease in general trade imports andexports,replacing processing to accountfor half of the total trade volume.Interms of export structure,in 2010 China'straditional bulk commodity exportsmaintained good growth momentum andexports of electromechanical productswith high added-value increased by 30.9percent,accounting for about 6o percentof the gross export value.

In the first six months of 2010,thetotal value of China's general trade wasUS $679.49 billion,a leap of 46.5 percent,an increase of 3.4 percentage points overthat for overall trade for the same period;the deficit in general trade was US $37.09 billion,in contrast to a surplus in generaltrade of US $6.35 billion in the first sixmonths of 2009,which indicated thatChina's foreign trade strategy of adjustingthe structure,and improving the balancehad achieved a positive result.Since July15,2010,China has cancelled tax rebateson 406 tariff items including partial typesof steel and non-ferrous metal process-ing materials,demonstrating the centralgovernment's determination to adjust theexport structure.

In addition,the proportion of China'strade surplus to the total trade sum de-creased from 11.6 percent in 2oo8 to 8.9percent in 2009,and it dropped evenfurther to 6.2 percent in 2010.It is pre-dicted that the proportion will continue todecline in 2011,with China's foreign tradebecoming more balanced.

As regards the type of commodities,primary products are in deficit on thewhole,and manufactured goods are insurplus in general.Of the primary prod-ucts,food products,live animals for fooduse,beverages,and tobacco productshave a trade surplus,and the rest have atrade deficit.Of the manufactured goods,miscellaneous manufactures,machin-ery and transport equipment,textileproducts,rubber products and miningproducts have a trade surplus.In terms ofindustrial classification,the vast majorityof the trade surplus has been created bycommunications equipment,computerand other electronic equipment manu-facturing,textile and garment,footwearmanufacturing,textiles,leather and furproducts sectors.

In 2010,clothing,shoes,and luggageproducts accounted,as they have tradi-tionally done,for an important proportionof all export products.Aside from this,the export value of high-teeh productsreached US $492.4 billion,representing31 percent of total exports and display-ing the clear effect of favorable policiesintroduced by the Chinese government inrecent years.

Huge Impact of FDI on ExportGrowth and Trade Surplus

China's trade surplus stems fromeconomic globalization and transferredindustrial links,not global economicimbalance.

China's surplus owes its existence tospecific structural conditions.Process-ing trade is the principal form of foreigninvestment in China.In the late 1900sthe surplus in processing trade beganto rapidly overtake that of the generaltrade surplus,and processing trade basessupported mainly by foreign-funded en-terprises were gradually formed acrossthe country (see Figure 2).Nowadays,the international division of labor hasdeveloped from product specialization toa chain operation that limits the variousdistributed modes of production for asingle product across different countriesand regions,This will inevitably gener-ate trade between the countries involvedin the produet,s intermediate stages.Theprincipal beneficiaries of China's tradesurplus are transnational corporationsengaged in processing trade in China,forexample in electronic goods.Fully 80 per- cent of China's 2010 trade surplus withthe U.S.in 2010 was generated by suchtransnational corporations.These enter-prises form an Asian production network,and not only profit hugely from laborand environmental cost advantages,butalso export immense numbers of finishedproducts to European and American mar-kets.Thus a trade surplus manifests be-tween China and these trading partners.

In addition,the proportion of the sur-plus generated by foreign enterprises toChina's total trade surplus is now greaterthan the share generated by enterprisesin other forms of ownership (see Figure3)- This situation also has to do with theintermediate-product division of labor ininternational products,and is in line withthe flow direction of international directinvestment.Employing various forms ofinvestment,transnational corporationsallocate different links of the productionchain for a particular product to differentcountries and regions.China,with its ad-vantages of abundant cheap labor,prefer-ential investment policies,stable politicalenvironment and relatively sound legalenvironment,has attracted huge foreigninvestment,and the growth trend of for-eign investment will be maintained forsome while.

In the globalizafion process China hasbecome an important link in internationalindustrial transfer,and an importantdestination for transferred manufactur-ing enterprises.Those foreign enterprisesimport raw materials,productionequipment and key componentsinto China,shift the processingand production elements thereand then export the final prod-ucts to their target markets.FromChina's import and export flowdirections,it can be seen that aglobal industrial labor divisionpattern has come into being,inwhich East Asia is the componentsupplier,China is the process-ing and manufacturing base,and the U.S.and Europe are thekey technology developers and ma-jor markets.

Changes in international divi-sion of labor have led to a stablesituation of China's trade balancewith other countries.China importsa large number of raw materialsand semi-finished products fromEast Asian countries and regions.After processing and assembly,the finished products are exportedto the American and Europeanmarkets.This situation has led to atransformation of the original pic-ture in which East Asian countrieshad a trade surplus with the U.S.and the E.U.into one in which the surplusis China's.Therefore,the China-U.S.andChina-Europe trade surplus has increaseddramatically.According to figures fromChina Customs,the China-U.S.trade sur-plus reached US $181.3 billion in 2010,and that with the E.U.topped US $142.7billion.Meanwhile,China's trade deficitwith Japan,ROK,ASEAN and Taiwan to-taled U.S $227.6 billion.

Measures Adopted toExpand Imports

The year 2011 is the first year ofChina's 12th Five-year Plan for NationalEconomic and Social Development,and foreign trade policies will emphasizetransforming trade modes,adjustingtrade structure,and promoting coordina-tion,with the focus on promoting basicbalance and steady growth of trade.How-ever,there are still many uncertainties in China's trade environment,with favorableand unfavorable factors coexisting.Favor-able factors for export include improve-ment of Chinese enterprises' internationalcompetitiveness,the gradual recoveryof the global economy,and the possiblegrowth of market demand after long beingsuppressed because of the financial crisis.Unfavorable factors for export includeweak growth in household consump-tion caused by high unemployment ratesin the developed countries,aggravatedprotectionism and uncertain impact ofappreciation of the RMB on the strneturaladjustment of trade.For the foreseeablefuture,China will maintain the stabilityof its support policies for the processingtrade,and will put emphasis on encour-aging foreign-funded enterprises to es-tablish headquarters and R&D centers inChina,so as to accelerate the formation ofdomestic industrial chains.

The import expansion concept,ges-tating since 2007,has now become anational strategy.This year,China willadopt eight measures to encourage ira-ports and promote balanced trade.One,in accordance with the requirements ofits industrial policies,China will activelyimport resources,advanced technologiesand key equipment.Two,China will prop:erly cope with trade frictions and disputesand encourage imports from the maincountries having trade deficit with China.Three,China will further optimize theimport tariff structure,and guide enter-prises to expand imports.Four,China willcontinue to promote convenience in trade and reduce import fees and .costs. Five,China will constantly improve the public information service sys-

納蘭的詞范文4

第一次知道納蘭詞是因為媽媽買了一本《納蘭詞》回來,買回來以后我就起了好奇心,《納蘭詞》是什么?于是,我就看了那本書??赐暌院?,我發現我愛不釋手了。我喜歡上了納蘭詞,喜歡上納蘭容若,喜歡他的那份才,喜歡他的那份情,喜歡他的惆悵,喜歡令人驚異的納蘭詞世界。

文質亦君子

令人驚異的納蘭詞世界,那份才,不可少。

出身是決定一個人命運的有力的因素。納蘭容若出身于貴族,他是清朝大學士納蘭明珠之子。這一條件便讓他自小就接受了精英級的滿、漢兩種傳統教育,造就了他一副貴公子的氣質與風骨。但他又不同于一般的富家子弟。在他看來,浮華如同過眼煙云,官宦亦如苦海無邊。他不屑金階玉堂的前程,更愛結交落拓文人。因而他的詞,脫去了晏殊的浮華,更多的是清新雋秀,“人生若只如初見,何事秋風悲畫扇”,“情到多時情轉薄”,“當時只道是尋?!?#8222;„他的一瞬間讓眼高于天的王國維都不得不贊嘆地說:“北宋以來,一人而已?!?/p>

質勝文則史,文勝質則野,文質彬彬,納蘭也。

凝情恐人見

令人驚異的納蘭詞世界,那份情,不可少。

納蘭容若也是性情中人,一首《減字木蘭花》感動了多少有情人,那畫中的女子,那咫尺天涯,到底埋藏了多少柔情和心酸,也許只有他自己知道,要不然他怎能混入皇宮,偷見內眷?作為一個八旗子弟,他不是不知道邁進那個禁忌森嚴的院落意味著什么。但他又顧不了什么,千言萬語只得化作“相逢不相語”,想開口低喚,卻是“凝情恐人見”;想一訴離愁,終卻“回闌叩玉釵”„„風住影舊人不歸,孤影未眠夢不回,誰知,一曲離殤終不悔!

回廊九曲,心思九曲;玉釵恩重,你我知心。

心字已成灰

令人驚異的納蘭詞世界,那份惆悵,不可少。

明明生于溫柔富貴,卻滿篇哀感頑艷?!跋嗨枷嗤幌嘤H”,“一生一世一雙人”。身為滿清八旗子弟,情難圓,志不伸。他不得不將心事糾結于眉,郁結于心,最終化為了凄美的文字。解得納蘭詞,便解得一位故交的委婉心曲。

納蘭的詞范文5

關于他的家族出身:

出身葉赫那拉氏,其父為當朝大學士,其母為英親王之女愛新覺羅氏。這樣顯赫的身世,可謂是名門望族的翩翩公子,一生榮華享不盡,一世恩榮常伴隨??伤耘f不走尋常路,從他的詞中可以大體窺見他的一生。有人說,人生如逆旅,我本惆悵客,是納蘭性德短暫一生的寫照。

關于他的愛情故事:

有的電視劇中展開想象,將康熙皇帝和納蘭容若的表妹作為主角,納蘭容若則充當配角,愛而不得,滿腹才情且傷情??晌铱?,納蘭容若完全可以作為主角的,他生命中也出現過四位女子,有的擦肩而過,有的錯失一生,有的平淡相守,有的深情相伴。

納蘭的詞范文6

他自詡是天上癡情種,不是人間富貴花。他擁有富貴奢華卻渴望布衣清歡,他處紅墻綠瓦卻思竹籬茅舍,他的一生沿著宿命的軌跡行走不偏不倚不長不短,整整三十一載,在人家他繁花似錦卻終究不如一株草木。佇立在光陰的路口,隨歷史的風逆流,去尋找一段三百年前的清朝遺夢。

納蘭容若與表妹曾有婚約,“正是轆轤金井,滿是落花紅冷。驀地一相逢,心事眼波難定”。容若還是一個心事眼波難定的風流少年時,遇見自己的表妹,該來的感情波濤洶涌地來了。只可惜如此美妙的邂逅,不過是曇花一現。

短暫的初戀過后,便是表妹的入宮,“誰省,睡省,從此簞紋燈影”,容若的相思苦戀的痛苦憂傷就更加突出了。為見表妹,納蘭容若不禁喬裝成僧人。只可惜“一朵芙蓉著秋雨”的表妹與他在如此的宮廷內只得“相逢不語”靜默無言地相對,“轉過回闌扣玉釵”。

表妹為保貞節,自縊而死。納蘭的初戀,也就煙消云散,徒留傷感了。

納蘭與妻子盧氏琴瑟相和,“繡榻閑時,并吹紅雨,雕欄曲處,同倚斜陽”?;楹笏哪瓯R氏紅顏薄命,香消玉殞。

妻子的死,讓納蘭更是傷心欲絕,懷念妻子,睹物思人,愁緒滿懷?!按饲橐炎猿勺窇?,零落鴛鴦,雨歇微涼,十一年前夢一場?!痹诼浠〞r節,他望著滿眼殘紅,想起亡妻的種種好處,想起昔日的閑情逸事,不由得黯然傷神,感懷斷腸。

再之后,便是那個傳奇而浪漫的江南女子――沈宛。她帶給了納蘭不一樣的感受,因為她本身便是不一樣的煙火??墒菬熁鸬植贿^流年,時間太輕淺。杯酒燈盞,觥籌交錯,因緣交會。

而納蘭呢,那個有著豐富內心的男子,仿佛只是人間游歷的惆悵客,三十一歲便告別了煙火紅塵。

納蘭一生,什么都擁有,什么都被人羨慕,偏偏感情頗為不順。怪不得納蘭好友稱“家家爭唱飲水詞,納蘭心事幾人知”。

是啊,納蘭的內心是寂寞的,功名利祿,錢財珠寶,他都不稀罕。當人們的物質生活達到頂峰的時候,才會思考精神財富,所以那個時候,納蘭是孤獨的。

山一程,水一程,身向榆關那畔行。夜深千帳燈。

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