前言：中文期刊網精心挑選了理想的格言范文供你參考和學習，希望我們的參考范文能激發你的文章創作靈感，歡迎閱讀。
理想的格言范文1
一個朋友說，她每次下車時，都會跟的哥說聲謝謝。因為那一聲謝謝，會讓的哥們的表情變得柔和許多。
有一回，我送一位女乘客到長途車站，她下車后，急急忙忙要往對面沖，我順口說了句：“別急，看著點兒車?！彼犃?，站在那里想了想，回頭跟我說：“你等等，我找個朋友，然后還坐你的車！”
過了幾分鐘，她帶過來一個男人，說要去旅順。那男人邊上車邊嘮叨：“不是說坐小客車去嗎？早知道要打車，咱們還用約在這里等！”那女人跟我說，一來著急趕路，二來看我為人不錯，就改了主意。
還有一次，我載了3個農民工，下車時，付錢的那個民工說：“謝謝你！”沒想到，這幾個民工注定要再一次感謝我，因為他們下車以后，把一個紙袋子忘在車上，等發現時，我已經在市區了。紙袋子里面有兩條褲子、一條毛巾和一瓶沒開封的男用護膚霜。我猶豫了一下，開車出了市區，在他們下車的地方，竟然找到了他們。他未必想得到，我空跑17公里，就因為他下車時跟我說了一聲謝謝。
理解萬歲
最讓的哥煩心的事，莫過于排了很長時間的隊，等來個小活兒。其實這種事說白了就是心態問題。
有一回在機場等客，因為有薄霧，一直等了兩個多小時，才有客人出來。我幫客人裝好行李，然后替他關上車門，出機場時他對我說：“抱歉，我到錦繡大酒店。”因為錦繡大酒店距離機場不多不少，正好2.9公里，接近基本里程又不蹦字，小活兒中這種活兒最沒勁，更不用說我足足等了兩個鐘頭。
但一路上我照樣談笑風生，談天氣，也談這輛破車。轉眼到了錦繡大酒店，他掏出10元錢遞給我。我放在坐墊上，去幫他取出行李。這時，他又拿出30元錢遞過來。我說：“您剛付過了，還沒找您錢！”
他說：“那是車費，這是獎金，也可以說損失補償費。夠吧？”我這才隱約記起，他剛才問過我，從機場到市內，大約多少錢。
“獎金”我沒有要，因為，理解萬歲。
信任之美
的哥的工作是由一筆筆簡單的生意串起來的，既然是生意，那會不會沒有人情味？的哥認為，不會的。
做了這么多年的哥，真是什么事都見過。那天在人民路，一個女人沒上車，把孩子放在后座，說：“師傅，麻煩把這孩子送到山東路。”她說她有急事，實在是脫不開身，只好這樣了。我拒絕了她。那孩子頂多3歲，她居然放心交給一個陌生人。
她說：“求你了，師傅，但凡有辦法，我也不干這事?！?/p>
“你是他什么人？”我警惕地問。
“我是他小姨。突然出了點兒事，實在不能帶著他。”她看我還在猶豫，又說，“我跟他媽說了，你放心，沒事?！?/p>
這種事沒法讓人放心。她又說剛才好不容易相中了個“面善”的的哥，可人家不干，所以求我千萬幫幫忙：“出租車倒有的是，我也不能隨便什么人都托付啊?！?/p>
我仔細地想了想各種可能，覺得沒什么問題，加上那孩子叫了她小姨，也就放心了。把她和孩子媽媽的電話分別打出去確認后，我就帶著孩子走了。說老實話，真有一點兒使命感。小家伙很可愛，我讓他坐在前面，替他系好安全帶，一路上跟他聊天，仿佛回到了跟兒子在一起的那些日子。
理想的格言范文2
一個能從別人的觀念來看事情，能了解別人心靈活動的人，永遠不必為自己的前途擔心。
大多數人想要改造這個世界，但卻罕有人想改造自己。
生活就像海洋，只有意志堅強的人，才能到達彼岸。
世上沒有絕望的處境，只有對處境絕望的人。
如煙往事俱忘卻，心底無私天地寬。
征服畏懼、建立自信的最快最確實的方法，就是去做你害怕的事，直到你獲得成功的經驗。
含淚播種的人一定能含笑收獲。
再長的路，一步步也能走完，再短的路，不邁開雙腳也無法到達。
莫找借口失敗，只找理由成功。
不是每一次努力都會有收獲，但是，每一次收獲都必須努力，這是一個不公平的不可逆轉的命題。
一個有信念者所開發出的力量，大于99個只有興趣者。
理想的格言范文3
關鍵詞 彩色圖像分割 顏色空間 直方圖閾值化 邊緣檢測 模糊方法 神經網絡
中圖分類號：TP312 文獻標識碼：A
1 數字圖像技術概述
數字圖像處理工具箱函數包括以下15類：（1）圖像顯示函數；（2）圖像文件輸入、輸出函數；（3）圖像幾何操作函數；（4）圖像像素值及統計函數；（5）圖像分析函數；（6）圖像增強函數；（7）線性濾波函數；（8）二維線性濾波器設計函數；（9）圖像變換函數；（10）圖像鄰域及塊操作函數；（11）二值圖像操作函數；（12）基于區域的圖像處理函數；（13）顏色圖操作函數；（14）顏色空間轉換函數；（15）圖像類型和類型轉換函數。
MATLAB圖像處理工具箱支持四種圖像類型，分別為真彩色圖像、索引色圖像、灰度圖像、二值圖像，由于有的函數對圖像類型有限制，這四種類型可以用工具箱的類型轉換函數相互轉換。MATLAB可操作的圖像文件包括JPG、HDF、JPEG、PCX、TIFF、XWD等格式。下面就圖像處理的基本過程討論工具箱所實現的常用功能。
圖像的讀寫與顯示操作：用imread（ ）讀取圖像，imwrite（ ）輸出圖像，把圖像顯示于屏幕有imshow（ ），image（ ）等函數。imcrop（）對圖像進行裁剪，圖像的插值縮放可用imresize（ ）函數實現，旋轉用imrotate（ ）實現。
圖像增強是數字圖像處理過程中常用的一種方法，目的是采用一系列技術去改善圖像的視覺效果或將圖像轉換成一種更適合于人眼觀察和機器自動分析的形式。
2 MATLAB圖像處理工具箱運用實例
為了證明MATLAB語言是一種簡潔，可讀性較強的高效率編程軟件，本文通過運用圖像處理工具箱中的有關函數對一實拍的芯片圖像進行處理。如圖1，圖“Fig.jpg”為一幅原圖像，該圖像右邊的剪切圖像為從“Fig.jpg”中剪切出的將用于分析的子圖像塊。為了便于分析與觀察，把子圖像塊旋轉90度置于水平位置并把該圖存在名為“Fig1.jpg”的圖像文件中。以上的過程可用以下代碼實現。
x=imread（'E：＼study＼電子與通信＼Term 2＼數字圖像處理DIP＼Fig.jpg'）；
figure，imshow（x）；
y=imcrop（x）；
figure，imshow（y，[]）；
z=imrotate（y，90）；
imwrite（z，'E：＼study＼電子與通信＼Term 2＼數字圖像處理DIP＼Fig1.jpg'，'jpg'）；
isrgb（z）
原圖Fig.jpg 剪貼圖Fig1.jpg
圖1
經判斷得知該圖像為一真彩色圖像，首先把它轉換為灰度圖像，以下所有的進一步處理均采用經過灰度化處理后的圖像作為原圖。
通過比較灰度原圖和經均衡化后的圖形可見圖像變得清晰，均衡化后的直方圖形狀比原直方圖的形狀更理想。效果比較見圖2，程序代碼如下：
x=imread（'E：＼study＼電子與通信＼Term 2＼數字圖像處理DIP＼Fig1.jpg'）；
y=rgb2gray（x）；
subplot（221），imshow（y）；title（'Fig1.jpg 灰度化圖像'）；
subplot（222），imhist（y）；title（'均衡化前直方圖'）；
I=histeq（y）；
subplot（223），imshow（I）；title（'均衡化后圖像'）；
subplot（224），imhist（I）；title（'均衡化后直方圖'）；
圖2
3 結論
以上圖像處理實例只是對MATLAB圖像工具箱的一小部分進行運用，經過更進一步的圖像分割、二值化、歸一化等處理，可以把芯片中的字符特征提取出來送入神經網絡分類器進行識別，我們應用MATLAB神經網絡工具箱對字符分類進行模擬仿真也取得了較好的效果。由此可以看出MATLAB語言簡潔，可讀性強，工具箱涉及的專業領域廣泛且功能強大。圖像工具箱幾乎包括所有經典的圖像處理方法。由于工具箱具有可靠性和開放性，我們可以方便地直接加以使用，也可以把自己的代碼加到工具箱中以改進函數功能，同時，MATLAB中的小波工具箱也有許多函數可運用于圖像處理技術。因此，在圖像處理技術中使用MATLAB語言可以快速實現模擬仿真，大大提高實驗效率， 如果要開發實用程序，MATLAB語言還可以通過MEX動態連接庫實現與C語言的混合編程，為工程應用提供了更多的便利條件。
參考文獻
[1] 王新成.高級圖像處理技術[M] .北京：中國科學技術出版社，2001，18-90.
理想的格言范文4
(laughter)
camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol. and on the very first day our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit. and it went like this: "r-o-w-d-i-e, that's the way we spell rowdie. rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie." yeah. so i couldn't figure out for the life of me why we were supposed to be so rowdy, or why we had to spell this word incorrectly. (laughter) but i recited a cheer. i recited a cheer along with everybody else. i did my best. and i just waited for the time that i could go off and read my books.
but the first time that i took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me and she asked me, "why are you being so mellow?" -- mellow, of course, being the exact opposite of r-o-w-d-i-e. and then the second time i tried it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.
and so i put my books away, back in their suitcase, and i put them under my bed, and there they stayed for the rest of the summer. and i felt kind of guilty about this. i felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they were calling out to me and i was forsaking them. but i did forsake them and i didn't open that suitcase again until i was back home with my family at the end of the summer.
now, i tell you this story about summer camp. i could have told you 50 others just like it -- all the times that i got the message that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being was not necessarily the right way to go, that i should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert. and i always sensed deep down that this was wrong and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were. but for years i denied this intuition, and so i became a wall street lawyer, of all things, instead of the writer that i had always longed to be -- partly because i needed to prove to myself that i could be bold and assertive too. and i was always going off to crowded bars when i really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends. and i made these self-negating choices so reflexively, that i wasn't even aware that i was making them.
now this is what many introverts do, and it's our loss for sure, but it is also our colleagues' loss and our communities' loss. and at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss. because when it comes to creativity and to leadership, we need introverts doing what they do best. a third to a half of the population are introverts -- a third to a half. so that's one out of every two or three people you know. so even if you're an extrovert yourself, i'm talking about your coworkers and your spouses and your children and the person sitting next to you right now -- all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society. we all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what we're doing.
now to see the bias clearly you need to understand what introversion is. it's different from being shy. shyness is about fear of social judgment. introversion is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including social stimulation. so extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched-on and their most capable when they're in quieter, more low-key environments. not all the time -- these things aren't absolute -- but a lot of the time. so the key then to maximizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.
but now here's where the bias comes in. our most important institutions, our schools and our workplaces, they are designed mostly for extroverts and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation. and also we have this belief system right now that i call the new groupthink, which holds that all creativity and all productivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
so if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: when i was going to school, we sat in rows. we sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most of our work pretty autonomously. but nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks -- four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other. and kids are working in countless group assignments. even in subjects like math and creative writing, which you think would depend on solo flights of thought, kids are now expected to act as committee members. and for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often or, worse, as problem cases. and the vast majority of teachers reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert as opposed to an introvert, even though introverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable, according to research. (laughter)
okay, same thing is true in our workplaces. now, most of us work in open plan offices, without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers. and when it comes to leadership, introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions, even though introverts tend to be very careful, much less likely to take outsize risks -- which is something we might all favor nowadays. and interesting research by adam grant at the wharton school has found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do, because when they are managing proactive employees, they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas, whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly, get so excited about things that they're putting their own stamp on things, and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface.
now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts. i'll give you some examples. eleanor roosevelt, rosa parks, gandhi -- all these peopled described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy. and they all took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to. and this turns out to have a special power all its own, because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm, not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at; they were there because they had no choice, because they were driven to do what they thought was right.
now i think at this point it's important for me to say that i actually love extroverts. i always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts, including my beloved husband. and we all fall at different points, of course, along the introvert/extrovert spectrum. even carl jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said that there's no such thing as a pure introvert or a pure extrovert. he said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum, if he existed at all. and some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum, and we call these people ambiverts. and i often think that they have the best of all worlds. but many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.
and what i'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance. we need more of a yin and yang between these two types. this is especially important when it comes to creativity and to productivity, because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people, what they find are people who are very good at exchanging ideas and advancing ideas, but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.
and this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to creativity. so darwin, he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations. theodor geisel, better known as dr. seuss, he dreamed up many of his amazing creations in a lonely bell tower office that he had in the back of his house in la jolla, california. and he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly santa claus-like figure and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona. steve wozniak invented the first apple computer sitting alone in his cubical in hewlett-packard where he was working at the time. and he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up.
now of course, this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating -- and case in point, is steve wozniak famously coming together with steve jobs to start apple computer -- but it does mean that solitude matters and that for some people it is the air that they breathe. and in fact, we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude. it's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it. if you look at most of the world's major religions, you will find seekers -- moses, jesus, buddha, muhammad -- seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of the community. so no wilderness, no revelations.
this is no surprise though if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology. it turns out that we can't even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions. even about seemingly personal and visceral things like who you're attracted to, you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you without even realizing that that's what you're doing.
and groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room, even though there's zero correlation between being the best talker and having the best ideas -- i mean zero. so ... (laughter) you might be following the person with the best ideas, but you might not. and do you really want to leave it up to chance? much better for everybody to go off by themselves, generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of group dynamics, and then come together as a team to talk them through in a well-managed environment and take it from there.
now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces? and why are we making these introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time? one answer lies deep in our cultural history. western societies, and in particular the u.s., have always favored the man of action over the man of contemplation and "man" of contemplation. but in america's early days, we lived in what historians call a culture of character, where we still, at that point, valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude. and if you look at the self-help books from this era, they all had titles with things like "character, the grandest thing in the world." and they featured role models like abraham lincoln who was praised for being modest and unassuming. ralph waldo emerson called him "a man who does not offend by superiority."
but then we hit the 20th century and we entered a new culture that historians call the culture of personality. what happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy to a world of big business. and so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities. and instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives, now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers. so, quite understandably, qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important. and sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs and they start to have names like "how to win friends and influence people." and they feature as their role models really great salesmen. so that's the world we're living in today. that's our cultural inheritance.
now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant, and i'm also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all. the same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust. and the problems that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are so vast and so complex that we are going to need armies of people coming together to solve them working together. but i am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves, the more likely that they are to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.
so now i'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today. guess what? books. i have a suitcase full of books. here's margaret atwood, "cat's eye." here's a novel by milan kundera. and here's "the guide for the perplexed" by maimonides. but these are not exactly my books. i brought these books with me because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.
my grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower who lived alone in a small apartment in brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when i was growing up, partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence and partly because it was filled with books. i mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books. just like the rest of my family, my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
but he also loved his congregation, and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi. he would takes the fruits of each week's reading and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought. and people would come from all over to hear him speak.
but here's the thing about my grandfather. underneath this ceremonial role, he was really modest and really introverted -- so much so that when he delivered these sermons, he had trouble making eye contact with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years. and even away from the podium, when you called him to say hello, he would often end the conversation prematurely for fear that he was taking up too much of your time. but when he died at the age of 94, the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him. and so these days i try to learn from my grandfather's example in my own way.
so i just published a book about introversion, and it took me about seven years to write. and for me, that seven years was like total bliss, because i was reading, i was writing, i was thinking, i was researching. it was my version of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library. but now all of a sudden my job is very different, and my job is to be out here talking about it, talking about introversion. (laughter) and that's a lot harder for me, because as honored as i am to be here with all of you right now, this is not my natural milieu.
so i prepared for moments like these as best i could. i spent the last year practicing public speaking every chance i could get. and i call this my "year of speaking dangerously." (laughter) and that actually helped a lot. but i'll tell you, what helps even more is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude, we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change. i mean, we are. and so i am going to leave you now with three calls for action for those who share this vision.
number one: stop the madness for constant group work. just stop it. (laughter) thank you. (applause) and i want to be clear about what i'm saying, because i deeply believe our offices should be encouraging casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions -- you know, the kind where people come together and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas. that is great. it's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts. but we need much more privacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at work. school, same thing. we need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure, but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own. this is especially important for extroverted children too. they need to work on their own because that is where deep thought comes from in part.
okay, number two: go to the wilderness. be like buddha, have your own revelations. i'm not saying that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods and never talk to each other again, but i am saying that we could all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often.
number three: take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase and why you put it there. so extroverts, maybe your suitcases are also full of books. or maybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment. whatever it is, i hope you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with your energy and your joy. but introverts, you being you, you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully what's inside your own suitcase. and that's okay. but occasionally, just occasionally, i hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see, because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.
so i wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speak softly.
thank you very much.
理想的格言范文5
關鍵詞：城市網格化管理；資源共享；整合
中圖分類號：F29文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1672-3198（2009）01-0045-01
1 城市網格化管理中資源共享的現存問題
（1）城市管理資源分散，職能交叉，城市管理頑疾問題無法得到有效處理。
（2）城市管理處置力量各自為政，存在著“既多又少”的怪現象。
一方面，各專業局都建有自己專業的巡視、處置隊伍，總人數超過實際需求量；另一方面，每一個專業局又都反映力量不夠，無法滿足管理任務的需要。
（3）網格化管理的信息資源共享程度不高，指揮、調度、決策的效率較低。
2 城市網格化管理中資源共享的優化目標
（1）整合優化城市管理資源，建立全時段監控、全區域覆蓋的城市管理體系，為創新城市管理體制，解決城市管理模式中資源分散、責任不清、重復作業、浪費資源等問題；
（2）按照資源網格的要求，設計良好的“隨需應變”信息資源共享機制，根據城市管理案件的發生規律合理配置資源，提高資源的技術水平、共享能力與調配效率；
（3）通過資源共享的優化實現區政府、監督中心、指揮中心、相關專業管理部門之間的管理資源、人力資源和信息資源的共享、達到城市管理主動、精確、快速、統一的目標。
3 城市網格化管理中資源共享的優化手段
（1）完善現有“兩軸”組織體制，強化兩軸的權威性，統籌協調各職能管理部門。
要徹底解決管理資源共享難的問題，必須整合政府管理職能，建立一個強有力的指揮派遣中心，對城市管理資源實行統一指揮調度。建立“兩軸”管理體制是整合政府職能，解決城市管理工作中職能管理部門多頭管理、職能交叉、職責不到位現象的必然要求，應出臺相應的城市管理法律法規文件，明確指揮、監督中心的職責，從城市管理流程、部件和事件的處置上強化兩個中心的職能和權威性。
（2）加強城市管理巡視隊伍的整合。
城市管理力量分散是制約城市管理水平提高的重要因素?？梢詮膬蓚€方面進行整合，一是整合城市管理專業部門的處置力量，建議由區監督中心與各專業職能部門進行溝通協商，加強對網格化巡視員的培訓，適當改善其待遇，力爭將全區域的巡視任務承擔下來，盡量減少專業管理部門的巡視任務。二是整合城市管理專業部門和各街道辦事處的處置力量。建議由指揮中心協調各專業部門和各街道辦事處，將其全面整合在一起，形成條塊協調一致，密切配合，共同對全區的城市管理負責。
（3）強化網格化信息系統平臺的建設。
從三個方面加強信息系統平臺的建設：①市、區、街道三級信息平臺建設要明確重點，合理分工、規劃設計促進三級層面信息共享；②網格化信息平臺與各專業部門平臺要互連互通。兩者要在功能配置、信息流轉方面設置相應接口，確保城市管理網格化信息與各職能部門的業務信息系統的互聯互通。③加強共享數據庫的規劃。規劃建立可充分反映城市管理基本特性的、統一的、及時的、可共享的城市管理數據庫。
（4）建立資源共享的激勵與約束機制，促使資源共享機制長效化。
首先要理清各個職能部門參與網格化管理的資源共享成本收益。即職能部門采取單獨管理和資源共享管理兩種做法的成本和收益，并以此建立科學的財政預算補償機制，對資源共享行為進行激勵。其次要在績效評估體系和控制機制中納入資源共享的評價指標。如設立資源共享程度指標、業務協同指標，對跨部門資源共享的業務增加評分權重等。
（5）引入服務外包與政府購買服務策略。
通過服務外包與政府購買服務的方式來解決資源與成本的問題，不斷提高運行效率。建議根據需要購買如下服務項目：市政設施養護、污水處理、路燈設施維護、環衛清掃保潔、水資源監測、城區綠化養護等。實施政府購買公共服務不僅減輕了財政負擔，提高了政府城市管理的水平和效率，而且還能通過財政資金的引導作用吸引更多的民間資本參與城市管理和建設。
4 結語
資源共享是城市網格化管理的一大優勢所在，是網格化管理順利運作的保障。隨著信息技術的不斷發展，資源共享的范圍和深度也會有越來越不同的需求，需要不斷的深入研究。
參考文獻
［1］陳平.網格化城市管理新模式.［M］.北京：北京大學出版社，2006，（7）.
［2］陳平.依托數字城市技術，創建城市管理新模式［J］.中國科學院院刊，2005.
理想的格言范文6
關鍵詞：地理環境；中國民歌；影響
地理環境對一個地區的影響是全面而巨大的，特定的地理環境是人類生活生產的先決條件，也是不同種族、不同地區的文化傳統、文化面貌形成的基礎，任何一個民族的傳統文化都是在一定特定的空間范圍內形成和發展起來的。民歌是勞動人民在生活和勞動中自己創作、自己演唱的歌曲，其集結了不同時期、不同地域、不同身份、不同經歷的人民群眾的集體智慧和情感體驗。由于民歌在留存和分布上總是表現為一定的空間區域范圍，同時又時刻受到賴以生存的地理環境（自然地理環境和社會文化環境）的影響和制約，因此，地理環境與民歌的研究有著密不可分的關系。
一、不同地理方位、地形地貌對民歌風格的影響
不同的地理方位和自然的地形地貌對各地民歌音樂風格的形成與發展有著重要的影響。首先看不同地理方位對民歌風格的影響。根據所處地理方位的不同，可將中國民歌按水系細分為西北風格區（黃河上游）、中原風格區（黃河中游）、華北風格區（黃河下游）、西南風格區（長江上游）、中南風格區（長江中游）、華東風格區（長江下游）、東北松遼風格區、東南沿海風格區和南部海岸風格區九個風格區。以黃河水系為例，西北風格區由于地處黃河上游，自然條件惡劣，因此盛行以信天游、山曲、爬山調為代表的山歌，其大都具有高亢、悠長的旋律風格，以及蒼涼、凄楚、淳厚的情感特征，如《上一道坡坡下一道梁》《天下黃河幾十幾道彎》等。中原風格區由于地處黃河中游，地理條件較優越，因此小調流行最廣，盛行裝飾性潤腔的民歌。其音樂風格具有雙重性：既有剛健潑辣的大腔大調，又有柔和淳樸的精巧小曲。如《王大娘補缸》（見譜例1）《編花籃》等。而地處黃河下游的華北風格區由于西臨大陸，東靠沿海，因此民歌種類繁多，風格多樣。如靠近河北太行山的地區盛行山歌，其風格近似內蒙古中部的爬山調，旋律婉轉優美，氣息深邃悠長；而靠近東部沿海的海洋號子則旋律平穩抒情，節奏感強?？梢?，即使是在同一水系，各地也會由于所處的不同地理位置而形成不同的民歌風格。
[譜例1]
王大娘補缸
河南民歌
其次，不同的地形地貌對民歌風格有著較大影響。試以河南、河北兩省民歌為例，比較不同的地形地貌對民歌風格的影響。河南地貌主要有兩個特點：其一，地勢西高東低，東西差異明顯。其二，地表形態復雜多樣，山地、丘陵、平原、盆地等地貌類型齊全。因此河南民歌大致可劃分為四個音樂風格區：第一，盛行山歌的大別山、桐柏山區。該區以山地為主，故山歌、田歌盛行。其聲調高亢、嘹亮，感情真摯動人。如山歌《石榴開花葉兒稀》，田歌《哈哈調》等。第二，地方韻味濃厚的伏牛山區和南陽地區。該區以山地、盆地地形為主，因而當地特色和鄉土風格保留得較好。其民歌敦厚樸實，中州韻味濃郁，如淅川鑼鼓曲、南陽燈歌《云彩舞》等。第三，流行田歌的豫西山區。豫西田歌中尤以盧氏縣勞動號子特別突出，其曲調粗獷質樸，聲腔渾厚有力。第四，小調為主的平原風格區。該區民歌以小調為主，旋律多用五聲音階，曲調平緩流暢、柔和優美。如開封《送情郎》，洛陽《十對花》等。
再看河北省，河北地形地貌復雜多樣，地勢西北高、東南低，分高原、山地、平原三級階梯呈半環狀逐級下降。受地勢地貌的影響，河北民歌大致可分為五種音樂風格區。第一，以小調為主的冀中平原區。該區小調形式短小、旋律流暢、平穩，以敘事為主，抒情性較強，如《小白菜》。（見譜例2）第二，西部太行山區。該區地形以山地為主，兼有平原。因此，其民歌除具有一般平原歌曲的特色外，還帶有明顯的山歌特點，曲調爽朗，節奏流暢，如《你走那個山梁我走那個溝》。第三，獨具特色的冀東地區。該區以漁民號子和小調最具特色。其號子曲調簡單、節奏分明、旋律線條連綿起伏，如豐南《漁民號子》。小調則比較歡快活潑，富有律動感，如唐山《小看戲》。第四，山歌盛行的北部及西北地區。該區山歌旋律婉轉優美，氣息深厚綿長。第五，以小調為主的冀南地區。該區的小調敘事性較強，口語成分偏多，如邯鄲地區的“武安落子”。
[譜例2]
小白菜
河北民歌
由以上分析可見，盡管河南、河北兩省緊緊相鄰，但由于所屬的地理位置和地形地貌有所不同，各地流行的民歌風格與品種都有較大差異。因此，在研究民歌的過程中，必須首先了解不同國家與民族所處的不同地理方位，以及相關的地形地貌。要盡可能準確地劃分出民歌的地理方位，詳細地進行民歌種類分布及其傳播的地形地貌描述，才能夠顯示出不同地域的民歌風格特征和文化類型，從而使人們可以從地理方位和地形地貌上對民歌風格特征進行初始的比較和認識。
二、不同的地理資源對民歌品種的影響
民歌由于不同地理資源的影響，在音樂品種方面表現出了十分明顯的地區差異性。一般而言，以牧草資源為主要生計的地區多形成以牧歌為主的民歌品種；以稻粟等農作物為主要生計的地區常形成秧歌、田歌等民歌品種；而以林木資源為主要生計的地區則形成了林區號子、獵歌等民歌品種。
如我國長江下游華東一帶，江海交匯，氣候溫潤，河湖密布，土地豐饒，景色宜人，素有“魚米之鄉”的美譽。優越的地理資源使得交通便利、城鎮發達，物質充沛、人們生活富足，這為小調的盛行提供了理想的環境。因此，華東一帶的民歌品種以小調為主，少有山歌及勞動號子。其音樂風格清麗柔縵而不失風骨，輕靈雅致又不失淳樸。如《紫竹調》《順采茶，倒采茶》等。而西北的黃土高原一帶，溝壑縱橫，交通不便，城鎮稀少，物質匱乏，人民生活困苦，這為山歌的傳唱提供了理想的場景。在這種地理資源情況下形成的山歌旋律悠長、奔放、蒼涼、深沉，充分體現了當地的地方特色。如《走西口的人兒轉回來》《三十里名山二十里水》等。
再看山西地理資源對山西民歌的影響。山西省境為一個整體隆起、中間低凹的山地高原，歷史上以農業為主，建國后成為我國的煤炭之鄉和能源基地。受地理資源的影響，山西的民歌品種較為多樣，既盛行小調、秧歌，又流行山歌。一般而言，晉中、晉南以及晉東南由于地處盆地，地理資源相對豐富，因此小調、秧歌盛行。其音樂曲調富于歌唱性，旋律起伏跌宕、委婉曲折，地方色彩濃郁，如著名的祁太秧歌《看秧歌》，交城小調《交城山》。（見譜例3）同時，還流行地燈、竹馬、花船等歌舞小調，多屬載歌載舞的表演形式。而晉西北以山地、高原為主，地理資源相對較差，因此山歌最盛。其音調高亢、嘹亮，節奏自由，極具山野風味。其中，以河曲的山曲最負盛名，如《提起哥哥走西口》《人家都在你不在》。
[譜例3]
交城山
山西民歌
可見，不同的自然地理資源常常是造就不同民歌品種的物質基礎，人們要依據不同的自然資源并采用相應的生產方式去進行生產、開發，從而產生了相應的民歌。因此，在進行民歌研究時，必須注意研究各地相關的自然地理資源和相應的生產方式，將其與不同的民歌品種結合起來，從而更好地把握住不同民歌品種的各自特色。
三、不同社會文化環境對民歌審美風格的影響
地理環境包括自然地理環境和人文地理環境兩方面。不同國家、不同民族的社會文化環境對民歌的審美風格影響很大，體現出復雜多樣的審美習慣和文化傳統。試以山西民歌與山東民歌為例，比較不同的社會文化環境對各地民歌審美風格所產生的巨大影響。
本文為全文原貌 未安裝PDF瀏覽器用戶請先下載安裝 原版全文
首先看山西民歌，山西歷史文化脈絡清晰，框架完整，是地方文化特色最濃厚的地區之一。山西雖然資源豐富，但土地貧瘠，加上長期的生產方式交融和民族交融，形成了吸收、融合的文化特色，并進而形成睿智、中庸、善于經商理財、適應性強的性格特點。簡言之，山西特殊的地理環境和文化傳統培育了山西人偏愛粗獷開朗的藝術傳統和深沉質樸的審美情趣，因此山西民歌多數具有高亢奔放、質樸明朗的性格特征。
如河曲山曲《提起哥哥走西口》，該曲反映了離別之痛，是河曲“走西口”生活的代表曲目之一。歌曲開始在全曲的最高音上，然后逐漸下行。起伏不大的旋律和4/8、3/8拍兩種短型節拍的交替出現，削弱了歌曲的歌唱性，使口語化和宣敘性得以加強，深刻揭示出女主人公撕肝裂肺的悲慟之情。同時，直白、無任何修飾的歌詞，更準確地表達了女主人公強烈的、難舍難離的感情。（見譜例4）
[譜例4]
提起哥哥走西口
山西民歌
再看山東民歌，山東民歌與儒家文化有著天然的、相互交融的關系。儒家思想文化對山東民歌的審美風格有著直接和深刻的影響。在儒家重現實生活、倡導與民同樂的思想影響下，山東民歌的內容多與世俗生活勞動有關。溫柔敦厚、講求和諧的儒家思想使山東人的性格顯得豪放寬容、樸實詼諧，由此也形成了山東民歌質樸敦厚、詼諧風趣的整體審美特征。
如山東情歌，山東情歌里含蓄內斂、中正平和者居多，少有強烈的感情傾訴與表達。其歌詞多用雙關語，演唱時普遍帶有某種調侃味，部分地區還將情歌稱為“酸曲”“葷歌”。事實上，這正是山東民歌受儒家思想影響的結果，儒家倡導的“克己復禮”以及由此形成的禮法秩序及氛圍，限制了人們對感情的直接表達。故山東民歌中常以尋常事物來隱喻感情，情感色彩上或半隱半露、或充滿調侃意味，如《光棍哭妻》《尼姑思凡》等。
可見，不同的文化氛圍造就了不同區域人群的性格。民歌有著豐富的文化內涵，它不僅反映各民族的現實生活，更折射出一定的音樂觀念、和人生態度等深層的文化內涵。因此，在進行民歌研究時，要仔細考察不同國家、不同民族的傳統文化背景，深入探究其對音樂審美風格的影響，只有將二者結合起來考察，才能準確地描述和研究所涉及的民歌事象。
綜上所述，由于地理環境對于民歌的形成、發展以及風格特色、品種類別有著較大的影響，因此，在研究民歌的過程中，應提倡將地理環境與民歌相結合的綜合性研究，只有將二者結合起來進行全面地、綜合性地考察，才能得到準確、客觀、透徹的研究成果。
參考文獻：
[1]梁旋程.《解析山西民歌中的五度三音列結構》，《音樂
研究》，2006年第1期
[2]王耀華.《中國傳統音樂文化區劃研究綜述》，《音樂研
究》，2003年第4期
[3]張士閃.《山東傳統民歌中儒家文化的滲透與影響》，
《民族藝術》，1997年第2期
[4]李國華,許來渠.《河北歌謠簡論》，河北大學學報，
1995年第2期
