前言:中文期刊網精心挑選了英語文章范文供你參考和學習,希望我們的參考范文能激發你的文章創作靈感,歡迎閱讀。
英語文章范文1
1、 On the contrary , the courses are exquisitely prepared. so chinese enjoy the dining atomsphere most.
相反
2、 when he went back to itali, he tried to make dumplings by himself , but unfortunatly, he forgot how to put the piling in to the dough, thus , he just sprayed them on the surface of the pizza and baked it.
3、There are countless reasons to prove the strengh of chinese cusine, here i just pick three of them to show the advantage of the chinese cusine.
chinese take pride in their food culture just as french do. to taste a dish , what would you care most, the nutrition of the ingredients , the taste of the dish , the atomsphere you enjoy or the fun you may have when you are eating. The way i see it, chiese pay more attention to the atomsphere. it is easy to prove . Just think of how many things do you take during the spring festival dinner. people talk ,laugh ,but seldom eat. They spend most of the time on drinking and toasting. My father say that he cannot eat anthing after several bouts of wine. Can we say dishes made during the Spring Festival not dilicious ? On the contrary , the courses are exquisitely prepared. so chinese enjoy the dining atomsphere most.
there has been a heat debate about what kind of cuisine is the best in the world. some say french cuisine, others say italian cuisine, still some say Thai cuisine. As for me, chinese cuisine is the best. i have three points to support my view.
Firstly, chinese cuisine can be categorize into eight items, namely, Lu Yue , Chuan ,Xiang, Ming , Zhe, Su, Hui. moreover, there are various subtypes under the eight items. Secondly, chinese cuisine is a important communication tool. a good numer of business or deal get done and gratidudes or apology are readily accepted during the dinning . last but not the least , chinese cuisine has a long history which seldom countries have had. There is a popular joke enjoyed by both people from home and abroad. We are know pizza, but where does it come from. You may quickly respose that it originate from Itali. While some say it derives from china. back to Tang dynasty(618-907AD), a italian saw chinese people put the filling into the thin flat dough to make dumplings. when he went back to itali, he tried to make dumplings by himself , but unfortunatly, he forgot how to put the piling in to the dough, thus , he just sprayed them on the surface of the pizza and baked it. Naturally the first pizza came into being.
英語文章范文2
talk about the friendship
I still remember the Titanic, though it's a big ship but it still sunk, so, in my opinion, the best ship is the friendship. Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone's life.
When you’re down, friends lift you up. When you lose your way, friends guide you and cheer you on
everyone need friends because there are a lot of things that you can't deal with yourself, and the friend’s just make up for it.
When you’re down, friends lift you up. When you lose your way, friends guide you and cheer you on
英語文章范文3
1、Because almost all successful people have good luck and have caught their valuable opportunities, they believe that opportunity is a leading condition of the success.
2、Those who are lazy, sloppy and indifferent to their work, those who never concentrate on work will definitely end in failure. On the whole, as far as they are concerned, hard-working is the decisive factor to success.
3、It lays the corner-stone for building a house while luck serves to cement it, to make the building bricks adherent to one another.
TO Success: Opportunity or hard-working?
Every body wants to succeed. But when it comes to the question that which factor leads to success, opportunity or hard-work, different people will offer different answers.
Some people think that opportunity is the first factor leading to success. They hold the idea, as a proverb saying, “Man proposes, god disposes”. Because almost all successful people have good luck and have caught their valuable opportunities, they believe that opportunity is a leading condition of the success. If seizes and makes the best use of opportunity available, one can succeed surely. In summary, to them, chances and lucks play the most important role on the road to success.
英語文章范文4
1、你能保證你背的詞匯都掌握了嗎?只有掌握了才能看閱讀不費力;
2、訓練自己的語感,多看英漢對照的文章,先看英語再看漢語翻譯,自己會收獲很大;
3、踏實下來,不要浮躁。找個安靜的地方,排除雜念,一心學習,堅持兩天你就能感覺到變化。
(來源:文章屋網 )
英語文章范文5
【關鍵詞】翻譯策略;文化傳播;異化
Abstract: In view of the disequilibrium in translation between Chinese and Foreign languages, the paper analyses the mistake, disappearance, invisibility, obviosity and coinage in Chinese culture translating, explores the main reason of causing Chinese culture invisibility as well as disappearance and wants to find the best way of obviosity of Chinese culture in translation by study of translations like Hao Qiu Zhuan etc..
Key Words: translation strategy; culture spread; foreignization
中華文化源遠流長,中國文學史上佳作薈萃,而今世人卻知之甚少。外來文化輸入多于中國文化輸出?!?0世紀中國翻譯了西方大約106800余冊著作,而西方翻譯中國20世紀著作(不是古代典籍)僅僅近千冊”(王岳川,2004:10)。“在我們中國學者中,能夠在國際論壇上發出自己的聲音者寥寥無幾,在國際人文社會科學領域內,我們中國人的聲音幾乎難以聽到……漢學在國際學術界是非常邊緣的”(王寧,2005.6:8)。有一組統計數字表示,2005年中國圖書、報紙和期刊出口3287萬美元,進口16418萬美元,進口幾乎是出口的5倍;其中電子出版物出口211萬美元,進口1933萬美元,進口是出口的9倍多。由此可見,單從數量上講,中國文化的對外傳播以及對世界的影響力,與中國文化自身的內涵與蘊力相比,就有很大差距。要實現與世界各國的平等交流就得扭轉這種輸入大于輸出的局面,這一點,從民間到官方,目前已經基本達成了共識。在中譯外時,涉及到中國文化的翻譯又是怎樣一種情況呢?下面我們將在中譯外有關譯著和文章中選取相關譯例,分析當下中譯英時有關文化流失、隱形和彰顯等幾種情形。
一
1.現實翻譯中涉及中華文化的翻譯有不少低級錯誤,比如形式錯誤、文法不通,弄出笑話的也不占少數,比如在餐飲業中,有的飯店把四喜丸子翻譯成“Four glad meatballs”即“四個高興的肉團”,“猴魁茶”翻譯出來是“Number one monkey-tea”即“第一只猴子茶”,麻婆豆腐翻譯成“滿臉雀斑的女人做的豆腐”,更有甚者,把童子雞翻譯成了“沒有性生活的雞”以及上海一家四星級酒店的“信報室”翻譯成“Believe Room”,令人啞然。這種情況在未經過系統的英語專業學習就盲目接翻譯活者尤為普遍;服務的客戶大都認為“翻譯即是兩種語言的簡單轉換”,他們對于翻譯一知半解或根本不知翻譯是怎么回事,對于翻譯質量沒有要求也無法把關的經營者較多,不加贅述。
2.在源語與目的語文化類似的情況下,為了易于目的語讀者的理解,將兩種文化中具有不同文化意象的不同事物歸化成為目的語文化。比如將 “膽小如鼠”翻譯為“as timid as a rabbit”“掛羊頭,賣狗肉” 翻譯為 “cry up wine and sell vinegar”。又如把“負荊請罪”翻譯成“Abject Apologies”?!柏撉G請罪”這個漢語典故語出《史記·廉頗藺相如列傳》,這個故事也稱之為“將相和”。原文表面的意義是“背著荊條請求治罪”,內涵為完全承認自己的錯誤,主動請求對方懲罰。譯文Abject Apologies 意思為“可憐兮兮地向對方道歉”。這種翻譯的優點是不受源語語言形式的束縛,讀者可以瞬間理解;缺點是源語中精彩的異域文化特色沒有了,語言特點也喪失殆盡。
3.在源語與目的語文化不同的情況下,對于源語殊的文化作了直接的翻譯,目的語讀者可以通過上下文,領略一種異國情調。例如林語堂翻譯的《浮生六記》:其形削肩長頸,瘦不露骨,眉彎目秀,顧盼神飛,唯兩齒微露,似非佳相。(p.7)翻譯為:Of a slender figure, she had drooping shoulders and a rather long neck, slim but not to the point of being skinny. Her eyebrows were arched and in her eyes there was a look of quick intelligence and soft refinement. The only defect was that her two front teeth were slightly inclined forward, which was not a mark of good women. 通過林語堂的翻譯,外國讀者可以領略到中國對于美女形象的標準,中西方對于美女的概念明顯不一,“兩齒微露,似非佳相”可能很難為西方讀者所理解。但這兒譯者不作任何解釋,也沒有把原文中美女的形象用歸化的方法予以改變,但是西方的讀者可以通過上下文來推測文字中所蘊含的文化,感受到異域的特色。
4.在源語與目的語文化不同的情況下,對于源語殊的詞和概念,進行了必要的注釋,使譯文更易讀懂,同時也彰顯了源語文化。我們可以看看英國漢學家David Pollard的譯作The Chinese Essay (《古今散文英譯集》)中是如何處理文化翻譯這個問題的。在這本書中,常有一些含有英語文化中沒有的詞,譯成英語時需要解釋,但是在文章中又不便解釋。這種情況,譯者在“譯者說明”里作了補充。例如在《方子山傳》中的第一句:“方子山,光、黃間隱人也”,譯文為 Master Table Mountain is a recluse who is to be found in the Guangzhou-Huangzhou area.漢語中隱人和英語中的recluse不完全一樣。在英語中A recluse is someone in isolation who hides away from the attention of the public,a person who lives in solitude, i.e. seclusion from intercourse with the world. 但是陳慥做隱人并不僅僅是 lives in solitude 或者hides away from the attention of the public,所以譯者在“譯者說明”里增加了如下的解釋:Su describes him as a ‘recluse’(yinren), but as we see that term does not signify extreme solitariness: it means only that he lives a simple life as a commoner. In the modern vernacular he might be said to have dropped out of the rat race. 通過閱讀這樣的注釋,讀者就把漢語中的隱人和英語中的recluse 之間的聯系和不同弄清楚了。
5.在源語與目的語文化不同的情況下,目的語中缺乏相應的表達方式,對于源語殊的詞和概念,進行了音譯,創造出了目的語中的新詞。比如我國的太極拳曾譯為 shadow boxing 和 slow-motion Chinese boxing。但是對于大多數外國人來說,無論是shadow boxing 還是 slow-motion Chinese boxing,都讓他們難以捉摸,反而受到目的語中 boxing 的影響,變得更加糊涂。反之,音譯 Tai Ji, Wu Shu, Qing Gong 等卻走出了國門,流行于英語世界,成為英語中新的單詞,也成為目的語中具有獨特內涵的異域文化詞語。在神州六號載人航天飛船上天之后,具有中國特色的單詞 taikonaut 就成為中外媒體廣為使用的單詞,在google上輸入taikonaut一詞,可以看到約有71,400項符合taikonaut的查詢結果,可見異國文化在詞語傳播上的魅力。
二
當下中譯英時,考慮到中西文化的不同以及中西方讀者對于彼此文化的熟悉程度各異,大多數譯者強調應設法化解漢英這兩種語言在風格、邏輯、文化等方面的差異,以目的語為歸宿,使譯文讀者在攝取信息的過程中不遇到障礙。例如國際譯聯副主席,中國翻譯協會副會長黃友義在講對外宣傳時說,對外宣傳要“貼近中國發展的實際,貼近國外受眾對中國信息的需求,貼近國外受眾的思維習慣”(黃友義,2004.6:27)。袁曉寧說:“漢、英民族有著不同的文化背景、價值觀念及思維方式……應充分考慮到這種差異,做出相應的調整……否則就會給他們帶來理解上的困難,甚至會引起誤解,達不到對外宣傳的效果”(袁曉寧, 2005.1:75)。比如他認為在對外翻譯中,可以借用國外現成的典故、人物或地名等來比喻漢語中相應的部分,例如將中國古代的濟公比作英國歷史上的Robin Hood, 將梁山伯與祝英臺比作莎士比亞筆下的Romeo 與 Juliet。這種譯法為外國讀者的閱讀鋪平了道路,讀起來沒有一點點障礙,可讀性是很強了,但是如果我們斗膽來幾個假設:(1)是不是所有的譯文讀者都讀過或者了解Robin Hood,Romeo與Juliet,如果答案是否定的,是不是他們在讀譯文前,要補一下課,查閱一下相關的文章來了解一下,不然還是有障礙的。如果要查閱才能了解,是不是讀者更麻煩了。(2)如果所有的譯文讀者都讀過或者了解Robin Hood,Romeo 與 Juliet,這樣的解釋,會不會給他們一種思維定勢,在異域文化中尋找自己文化的影子,以至于影響或削減了閱讀的興趣。(3)不管譯文讀者對于Robin Hood,Romeo與Juliet此類的背景知識了解不了解,有沒有其他更好的譯法呢?基于筆者也是在這兒閉門造車的臆想,建議不如針對外國讀者的閱讀文化取向來一次實踐的調查和探索。
三
什么樣的翻譯作品可以被廣為流傳?也許《好逑傳》的翻譯方法可以給我們較深的啟示。
在中國浩如煙海的文學寶庫中,誕生于明末清初的才子佳人小說《好逑傳》只能算作是二流的小說。但是在漢籍外譯史上,它所占有的地位卻非常高:《好逑傳》不僅是第一部譯成西方文字并得以出版的中國長篇小說,而且被譯成英語后又被譯為德語、法語、俄語,并且一版再版。此書何以能在西方擁有如此經久不衰的魅力? 除作品內容方面的原因之外,別具一格的注釋是《好逑傳》早期譯本最為獨到的地方。譯者帕西考慮到當時英國讀者的知識水平,對小說中各種具有東方文化特色的名目進行了詳盡注釋。譯本尚未出版,便有看過樣書的友人對他寫道:“你為這部中國小說收集注釋,真是煞費苦心。這些注釋把它大大地弄清楚了。而且我要坦率地對你說,這些注釋是你這本書里最有價值的東西”(范存忠:1 5 3) 。 帕西所做的注解涉及了中國社會的方方面面,其中有關中國人日常生活的注解尤為多,如中國人的傳宗接代觀念,如何訂婚、行聘,舉行婚禮、收取賀禮,如何孝敬長輩,婦女為何裹小腳,為何重男輕女,中國的妻妾制度,女眷的生話,中國家庭的陳設,其中床是怎樣,院落結構怎樣,城市如何布局,中國人如何作畫,用什么紙墨,中國人的服飾,如何相互拜訪,如何坐轎,磕頭如何受到重視;中國的醫生、佃戶、仆從等職業如何不同于歐洲,如此種種。更有趣的是,盡管帕西為《好逑傳》所作的注解已經十分詳細,但德法兩國譯者卻似乎都覺得意猶未盡,于是又在英譯本注解基礎之上進行了進一步注釋,探究詞語的文化內涵以及譯出了原文的社會背景(譚淵,2005,3)。這樣,通過閱讀一部小說,展現到外國讀者面前的便是美麗的異國風情。魯迅在談翻譯時特別強調要注意異國情調,即不要給“洋人”穿上“長袍馬褂”;那么我們現在中譯外時,是否非要給穿“長袍馬褂”的人換成“西裝革履”呢。在此,筆者想到了一位德國出版社的編輯說的話:通過你們的譯文,我們看到的是說著德語,有著德國文化修養的老子、孔子和孟子,事實真是這樣的嗎?這種采用文化歸化的翻譯方式,只能使讀者讀起來沒有障礙,朗朗上口,好像在讀自己國家的作品似的,除此之外,還能讀到什么呢?這不能不引起采取歸化策略的翻譯者深深地反思了。
結 語
當前,隨著中國經濟實力、綜合國力和對外開放的力度加大,中國在國際上的影響力也日益增強,與此同時,“中國”、“中國崩潰論”、“中國分裂論”、“黃禍論”等不斷出現成為中國國際形象塑造和國際貿易等諸多方面的障礙。中國形象如何塑造,中國文化如何傳播,成為我們面臨的重要問題。目前我國作為傳統文化大國和發展勢頭強勁的發展中國家,一方面摒棄舊文化、一方面自我更新,其大眾文化處于吸收多于輸出、認同強于反抗的境況。在與異質文化的碰撞或交流中,我們要堅持自己傳統文化、思維模式,如果丟棄了自己傳統文化、思維模式,即使民族還存在,但它的精神、靈魂已經滅亡了。在全球化的今天,我們的文化肯定會變化,但這種變化不是“化”掉自己,不是融化,而是融合。相信隨著我國經濟實力、綜合國力的不斷增強,中國的文化將不會處于失語、流失和隱形的狀態,中國文化將在世界上發出其應有的強勁的聲音。
21世紀是全球化的世紀,是人類交往更加頻繁的世紀。隨著全球化進程的加速,翻譯作為溝通中外交流的橋梁和媒介,讓世界認識中國,也要讓中國走向世界。如果說,19世紀末20世紀初以來的百余年間,中國的知識界通過大量譯介西方文化思想和社會經濟科學信息來促進中國現代化的形成,那么,當我們在新世紀迎接全球化的挑戰時,作為軟實力建設的重要組成部分,則應更加注重向世界弘揚中國文化。有著五千年悠久而豐富歷史文化的中國,應對新世紀的世界文化格局的形成做出重要貢獻。要承擔和完成這一歷史使命,中譯外翻譯工作者任重而道遠,在中譯外時彰顯中國文化已經成為中國翻譯者面臨的課題與不容推辭的責任。
參考文獻
[1]范存忠.中國文化在啟泉時期的英國 [M] 上海外語教育出版社,1991.
[2]黃友義. 堅持‘外宣三貼近’原則,處理好外宣翻譯中的難點問題[J].中國翻譯, 2004(6)
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[4]王岳川. 新世紀中國身份與文化輸出 [J]. 廣東社會科學,2004. (3)
[5]王寧. 翻譯的文化構建和文化研究的翻譯學轉向 [J]. 中國翻譯, 2005 (6)
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[9]David Pollard. The Chinese Essay [M] The Chinese University Press,1999
[10]Robinson, D. Translation and Empire: Postcolonial Theories Explained [M]. Manchester: St. Jerome, 1997
英語文章范文6
1、However mean your life is,meet it and live it ;do not shun it and call it hard names.It is not so bad as you are.It looks poorest when you are richest.The fault-finder will find faults in paradise.Love your life,poor as it is.You may perhaps have some pleasant,thrilling,glorious hourss,even in a poor-house.The setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich man's abode;the snow melts before its door as early in the spring.I do not see but a quiet mind may live as contentedly there,and have as cheering thoughts,as in a palace.The town's poor seem to me often to live the most independent lives of any.May be they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving.
2、不論你的生活如何卑賤,你要面對它生活,不要躲避它,更別用惡言咒罵它。它不像你那樣壞。你最富有的時候,倒是看似最窮。愛找缺點的人就是到天堂里也能找到缺點。你要愛你的生活,盡管它貧窮。甚至在濟貧院里,你也還有愉快、高興、光榮的時候陽反射在濟貧院的窗上,像身在富戶人家窗上一樣光亮;在那門前,積雪同在早春融化。我只看到,一個從容的人,在哪里也像在皇宮中一樣,生活得心滿意足而富有愉快的思想。城鎮中的窮人,我看,倒往往是過著最獨立不羈的生活。也許因為他們很偉大以受之無愧。
(來源:文章屋網 )