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如何解決校園欺凌問題范文1
With the rapid development of LGBT （lesbian， gay， bisexual， and transgender） movement， homosexuals in many countries like Netherland， Norway， Sweden， Demark， Finland， Iceland， Australia， New Zealand， Argentina， South Africa， the U.S. and Canada have obtained social and civil rights like marriage and adoption as their heterosexual counterparts.
In many countries， fears and misunderstandings about homosexuality remain wide spread. These present daunting challenges to the development of LGBT community. Addressing negative attitudes toward LGBT people require cooperation in all areas of society.
Government：
政府：
The government should take the lead to eliminate all forms of discrimination based on sexual orientation and create a harmonious living environment for the LGBT people. In the case of China， the civil rights of LGBT people should be recognized by the government and protected by law. Legalizing same sex marriage is the first step， as it is a legal reorganization of their equality and their civil rights that are the same as heterosexual couples. When the government recognizes the rights of homosexuals， the general public will follow. "Normally we have the tradition of not questioning our government， so if the government gives gay people the right to marry， average people will accept homosexuality too，" said Professor Li Yinhe in an interview with Cityweekend few years ago.
HIV epidemic in MSM group in China is sharply rising. China can certainly benefit from legalizing the same sex marriage as legalizing the same sex marriage can reduce the spread of sexually transmitted diseases， including HIV/ AIDs. Professor Mary Ann Lamanna and Professor Agnes Riedmann argued that being able to marry legally could help homosexual couples continuing a long-term relationships and make safe sex possible. As a result， it will help to reduce the chance of getting infected by STDs and help rein the spread of the HIV/ AIDs epidemic.
許多國家仍廣泛存在對同性戀的恐懼和誤解。這些對LGBT社區的發展構成了嚴峻地挑戰。解除對LGBT的消極態度需要社會各個領域的合作。
政府應該起帶頭作用，以消除基于性傾向的一切形式的歧視，為LGBT人群創造和諧的生活環境。在中國，LGBT人群的民事權利應得到政府的承認，并受法律保護。第一步是讓同性婚姻合法化，使其具有和異性戀夫婦一樣的平等權利和公民權利。一旦政府承認同性戀者的權利，廣大市民也會隨之承認。李銀河教授幾年前在接受《城市周報》記者采訪時說：“通常情況下，我們有不質疑政府的傳統，如果政府賦予同性戀人結婚的權利，一般人也會接受同性戀者。”
隨著艾滋病病毒的流行在中國MSM人群中急劇上升，如何解決這一問題成了中國面臨的巨大難題。實際上婚姻合法化，在某種程度上會使中國在上述問題上受益，因為同性婚姻合法化可以減少性傳播疾病，包括艾滋病毒/艾滋病的蔓延。M.A.拉曼納教授和艾格尼絲?瑞德曼教授認為，合法婚姻能幫助同性戀伴侶維持長期的關系，讓性生活更安全。這將有助于減少性傳播疾病的感染、遏制艾滋病毒/艾滋病的蔓延。
Schools：
學校：
Schools can play an important part in challenging homophobia. As homophobia is a result of prejudice， educating young people about LGBT issues is fundamental to overcoming the social norms and prejudice against homosexuals.
In China， homosexuality continues to be largely ignored and invisible within the education system. To make it worse， many teaching materials in China contain wrong information about homosexuals. For example， the booklet “Parents， Please Walk Your Children Through Puberty” was distributed to parents of teenagers in d in Hangzhou， capital of Zhejiang province， describing homosexuality as a type of "sexual deviance" and calling on parents to "prevent" it. Only providing correct information to all people about sexual orientation and homosexuality is likely to diminish anti-gay prejudice.
Homosexual students are more likely to be bullied at school. An online survey on homophobia in China's school and university campuses， which was conducted by 3 LGBT organizations in China， was released on May 14， 2012， revealing that 77% of respondents have suffered bullying， as a result of their sexual orientation. Schools should respond strongly and assertively to homophobic bullying， stating clearly that homophobic bullying is not an acceptable behavior. In this way， LGBT students can feel safer to go to school and more likely to feel part of the school community and more likely to be happy and to be themselves.
There are also various ways to build a friendly environment for LGBT students. For examples， the integration of sexual orientation into the education curriculum is important for building understanding about issues of LGBT. Homosexuality should be encouraged to discuss openly at universities and even high schools. The school can educate the students on gender equality and sexual orientations and encourage more homosexual students to learn about their rights.
學校在挑戰同性戀恐懼癥中起著重要作用。同性戀恐懼癥是由于偏見產生的，對年輕人進行有關同性戀問題的教育是克服社會規范和摒棄對同性戀者偏見的根本。
在中國，同性戀在教育系統內仍然受到了很大程度上的忽視。更糟糕的是，中國的許多教材都有錯誤的評價同性戀的信息。例如，在浙江省省會杭州市針對青少年家長發行的宣傳手冊《青春期請家長同行》中，將同性戀描述為“性偏離”，并呼吁家長加以“制止”。只有為所有人提供關于性傾向和同性戀的正確信息，才能削弱反同性戀的歧視。
同性戀學生在學校更容易被人欺負。2012年5月14日，一項由3家中國的LGBT組織發起的關于中國校園內同性恐懼癥的網上調查顯示，77%的受訪者由于其性傾向而受到欺凌。針對這種狀況學校應果斷而有力地反對對同性戀者的欺凌，并清楚說明欺凌同性戀者是不可接受的行為。只有這樣，LGBT學生在上學時才能感到更安全，更容易感受到自己是學校集體中的一員，也更快樂自如。
有多種方式可以為LGBT學生建立友好的環境。例如，把性傾向內容整合融入到教育課程對了解LGBT相關問題十分重要。應鼓勵學生在大學、甚至中學公開討論同性戀問題。學校可以在性別平等和性傾向方面教育學生，并鼓勵更多同性戀學生了解自己的權利。
Community Based Organizations：
以社區為基礎的組織：
Removing homophobia from the society is crucial for improving quality of life for LGBT people. Many psychologists believe that negative attitudes toward LGBT people are not grounded in actual experience with LGBT people but on stereotypes and prejudice. "Gay people are still discriminated against in many aspects of our society， partly because the general public does not know the gay community very well，" said Professor Zhang BeiChuan.
Community based organizations can play an important role in addressing homophobia. They can influence the attitudes of the general public towards homosexuality by social activities and public campaigns.
In Beijing， there are few LGBT groups like Beijing LGBT Center， Common Language， and Aizhixing Research Center hold regular events to raise the awareness of the rights of LGBT people and advocates social inclusiveness and equality. The Beijing LGBT Center organizes activities like film screenings， panel discussions， English corner and fundraising to promote understanding of the LGBT community.
In Shanghai， ShanghaiPRIDE is the biggest LGBT event in China and is organized by volunteers from the LGBT organizations around China. ShanghaiPRIDE aims to be as inclusive and as enjoyable as possible while pushing its key message of acceptance and tolerance to the wider community. “Don’t Hide， Don’t Change， Be Proud” is the theme of ShanghaiPRIDE 2012. “We always strive to be inclusive and to plan an array of events that will appeal to a wide range of participants. So whether you prefer nightclubs， art， or daytime family-oriented events， there really is something for everyone. I think that our attendance numbers for the opening weekend reflect that inclusive spirit.” says organizer Charlene Liu.
LGBT organizations have the scope to provide support to LGBT people who might feel marginalized and isolated， and to raise the awareness of HIV/AIDs in the community. Beijing Rainbow Health Organization has been involved in prevention programs of HIV/AIDS among homosexuals like demonstrating a rapid oral HIV test at a gay bar in Beijing. And the Beijing LGBT Center provides counseling and legal services to the LGBT people.
把同性戀恐懼癥從社會中清除，對提高LGBT人群的生活質量至關重要。許多心理學家認為對LGBT人群的負面態度并非來自與他們接觸的實際經歷，而是來自刻板印象和偏見。張北川教授說，“同性戀者在社會上受到多方面的歧視，很大程度上是因為公眾對同性戀群體并不了解。”
以社區為基礎的組織在應對同性戀恐懼癥方面可以發揮重要的作用。他們可以通過社會活動和公共活動來影響大眾對同性戀的態度。
在北京，有幾個LGBT團體，如北京同志中心、同語、北京愛知行研究所等，它們定期舉辦活動，以提高LGBT人群的權利意識、倡導社會的包容性和平等。北京同志中心舉辦一些活動，如放映電影、小組討論、英語角和籌款等，來增進大眾對LGBT社區的了解。
