前言：中文期刊網精心挑選了英文合同范文供你參考和學習，希望我們的參考范文能激發你的文章創作靈感，歡迎閱讀。
英文合同范文1
Contract No.：
The Buyers： The Sellers：
This contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers； whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned goods subject to the terms and conditions as stipulated hereinafter：
（1）Name of Commodity：
（2） Quantity：
（3） Unit price：
（4）Total Value：
（5） Packing：
（6） Country of Origin ：
（7） Terms of Payment：
（8） insurance：
（9） Time of Shipment：
（10） Port of Lading：
（11） Port of Destination：
（12）Claims：
Within 45 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination， should the quality， Specifications or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the contract except those claims for which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable， the Buyers shall， have the right on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the C.C.I.C and the relative documents to claim for compensation to the Sellers
（13）Force Majeure ：
The sellers shall not be held responsible for the delay in shipment or non-deli-very of the goods due to Force Majeure， which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit. The sellers shall advise the Buyers immediately of the occurrence mentioned above the within fourteen days there after . the Sellers shall send by airmail to the Buyers for their acceptancea certificate of the accident. Under such circumstances the Sellers， however， are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the deliveryof the goods.
（14）Arbitration ：
All disputes in connection with the execution of this Contract shall be settled friendly through negotiation. in case no settlement can be reached， the case then may be submitted for arbitration to the Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in accordance with the Provisional Rules of Procedure promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission . the Arbitration committee shall be final and binding upon both parties. and the Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing parties.
英文合同范文2
mrs. ghazala waheed w/o abdul waheed, adult, r/o house no.***-*, dha, lahore cantt, (hereinafter to as the lessor of the one part).
and
mr.* ***,r/o china, refereed to as the lessee of the other part.(expression “lessor”
and “lessee” wherever the context so permit shall always mean and include their respective heirs, successors legal representative and assignees).
whereas the lessor is the lawful owner and in lawful possession of house no,***-*,dha,
lahore cantt, consisting of 4 bedrooms with bath, d/d,tv; lounge, kitchen, store, servant, quarter together with fixtures and fitting (hereinafter collectively called the demised premises).
and whereas the lessor has agreed the lease and the lessee has agreed to take on lease the demised premises on the terms and condition as given below:-
1. this agreement in only valid if lessee is renewed and extended for the lease period.
2. the lessor lets lessee takes the demissed premises for a period of 12 months
commencing from 15th january XX. the lease is renewable for a further period as may be mutually agreed in writing on expiry of the lease period
3. the rent of the demised premises shall be usd3,300/-(us dollars three thousand and three hundred only) per month
4. the lessor hereby acknowledges receipt of the sum of usd.19,800/-(us dollars nineteen thousand and eight hundred only) per month.
5. it is hereby agreed between the parties that the lessee shall pay the aforesaid monthly rent
usd. 3,300/-(us dollars three thousand and three hundred only) as the monthly rental advance by 20th of each calendar month for which if is due after completion of advance rent period ending on 15th july XX.
6. that the lessor hereby acknowledges receipt of the sum of rs.60,000/-(rupees sixty thousand only) from the lessee as fixed edposit security which shall be refunded to the lessee on giving back the vacant possession of the demised premises after deduction of damages/shortages outstanding bills for electricity, water, gas and telephone charges etc, against the demised premises.
the lessee herby convenants with lessor as following:
1. to pay to the lessor the rent hereby reserved in the manner before mentioned.
2. that the lessee shall not at any time during the terms, without the consent in writing of the lessor, pull down, damages or make any structure alterations to the demised premeses provided always, the lessee shall have go write install any fixtures and fittings excluding air-conditioners in the demised premeses, to detach and repossess the same subject to the restoration of the demised premeses to their original state at his cost (reasonable wear and tear excepted) on the expiry of this lease or any renewal hereof.
3. to use the demises premises for residen
tial purpose and would not be used for a commercial purpose the demises premise would not be used occupied by mr. ****
and family.
4. not to sublet the whole or any part of the premises.
5. to pay regularly the bills for electricity, gas, water and telephone charges in respect of the demised premises. a copy of all the paid utility bill be forwarded to the lessor every three month regularly. in case of disconnection of any facility due to non-payment, lessee will be responsible to get them restored and pay the same. all dues must be cleared before the expiry of the lease.
6. the lessee shall keep and maintain the said premises in good and tenantable conditions during the tenure of the lease.
the lessor hereby convenants with the lessee as following:-
1. to pay all existing and future rate, taxes assessments and other charges of a public nature whether impose by the municipality, government or any other authority in respect of demised premises.
2. not to erect or set up a building or structure on the demises premises nor to add to any existing building or structure during the period of lease or any renewal without the written consent of the lessee.
it is hereby declear and muturally agreed between the lessor and lessee ans follwing:=
1. the lessee and the lessor shall have the right and option to terminate this lease at any time only after the expiry of the lease period i.e., 24 months, provided they give one (1) month notice in advance to either of the parties.
2. the meter reading of various utilities are as given below:-
utility meter number today’s reading
a) elecricity ———————— ————————
b) gas ———————— ————————
c) telephone ———————— ————————
d) water ———————— ————————
3. that the lessee has also agreed with the lessor for a mandatory increase in rent by 10% per annum, the rent would be enhanced to rs.36,300/-( rupees thirty six thousand and three hundred only), should the lessor and i essee mutually to renew the lease. it can be negotiated between the parties.
whereof the parties hereto have executed these presents on the and day above written.
lesssor:__________________________
mrs. ghazala waheed
nic no._______________________
lessee__________________________
mr.****
chinese passport no.___________________
英文租房合同范本二：
一、出租人： (“甲方”)
landlord： (part a )
二、承租人： (“乙方”)
tenant： (part b )
三、租賃范圍及用途：
tenancy：
3.1 甲方同意將其所有的位于_________________________________________的房屋在良好及可租賃的狀態下租給乙方為居住使用。
party a hereby agrees to lease its property located at
___________________________________in good and tenantable condition to party b for residential use.
3.2 乙方應將出租房屋用作住宅用房。
the leased property shall be used by part b for residential purpose.
四、租賃期：
term of tenancy：
4.1 租賃期為_____年，自 年 月____日起至_______年____月____日止。
the tenancy shall be for a term of years,commencing on ______________and expiring on __________________.
4.2 租賃期滿，如乙方不再根據此條款續約，甲方有權收回全部出租房屋，乙方應如
期交換出租房屋予甲方。乙方如要求續租，須在本合同期滿三個月前向甲方提出書面申請，再由雙方另行續租事宜。
on expiry of the tenancy, if party b has not exercised its option to renew this agreement in accordance with this clause,party a has the right to repossess the entire leased property,and party b shall deliver the leased property to the party a provided always that party b shall have the option to renew this agreement upon giving prior written novice to party a of its intention to do so that least three(3) months before the expiration of this agreement.
五、租金：
rent
5.1 雙方談定的租金為每月____________________人民幣，租金包括除水、電、液化氣、電話費以外的一切管理費。
the rent for the leased property as agreed to by both parties is rmb___________yuan per month, which rent includes all management fee.
5.2 支付甲方壹個月的租金，應在每個月的第十天以前支付給甲方。
party b pay the rental fee before the tenth day of every calendar one month.
5.3 所有保證金、租金等費用均以人民幣通過銀行匯入甲方所提供的以下銀行賬戶及戶名：
賬號：____________________戶名：______________開戶行：____________________
all payments of security deposit,rent fee,etc heteunder shall be made be made by bank transfer rmb to party a's following account.
account no:________________________,user name:_____________bank:___ ________ __
六、保證金：
security deposit:
6.1 為確保出租房屋及其設施之安全并完好及租賃期內相關費用之如期結算，乙方同意于簽訂合同10天內支付給甲方貳個月租金的租賃押金計__________________人民幣作為乙方確保合同履行之保證金。乙方搬入后十天內付壹個與租金計______________人民幣。
to ensure the protection and good condition of the leased property and the related facilities as well as the prompt payment and settlement of all related charges during the term of tenancy,party b agrees to pay to party a with 10 days when the execution of this agreement a security for party b’s obligations hereunder. when party b move in,party b pay one month’s rental in the amount of___________with 10days.
6.2 除合同另有約定之外，甲方應于租賃期滿或此合同提前終止之期且乙方透空、點清并付清所有應付費用后，當天將保證金全額無息退還乙方，如保證金以人民幣支付，屆時也應以人民幣形式退還。
unless otherwise provided in this agreement, party a shall return to party b the entire security deposit without interest thereon upon expiration or soonder detemination of this agreement provide that party b has vzcated the leased property and settled all related charges. if this security deposit was paid in rmb,it shall be returned to party b in the form of rmb.
七、其他費用：
other charges:
乙方應承擔租賃期內實際使用而產生的水、電、液化氣費、電話費并按單自行如期交納所屬管理公司或有關機構。
during the term of tenancy,party b is responsible for paying the charges in relation to water, electricity, gas,telephone charges on the basis of the amount of such utilities party b uses. such charges shall be paid when due according to the invoice therefore received by party b from the management company or relevant authority every month.
八、甲方的責任：
party a’s obligations:
8.1 甲方須按時將出租房屋及其家私家具用品與其設施以良好狀態交付乙方使用。
party a shall deliver on schedule to party bvacant possession of the leased property including the furniture,furnishing and appliances and the related facilities for party b’s use(furniture,furnishing and appliances to be detailed in appendisl.)
8.2 租賃期內甲方不得收回出租房屋(除非本合同另有規定)，甲方保證乙方可不受干擾的享用該物業。
party a shall not repossess the leased property during the term of party a disturb of interfere with party b’s quiet enjoyment of the leased property.
8.3 在乙方遵守本合同的條款及支付租金的前提下，乙方有權于租賃期內拒絕甲方或其他人騷擾而安靜享用出租房屋。
proviede that party b pays the rent and performs and observes party b’s terms and conditions in accordavce with this agreement, party b shall be entitled to hold and enjoy the leased property throughout the term of this tenancy without any interruption by party a or any other person.
8.4 租賃期內出租房屋的結構，進出物業的排水、上下管道、電路等處于良好使用狀態。
party a agrees to repair and maintain the structure,drains, pipes and cables, etc.leading in to or from the leased property at all times in good and tenable repair during the term of this tenancy.
九、乙方的責任：
party b’s obligations:
9.1 乙方應按合同的規定，按時支付租金，保證金及其他各項應付費用。
party b shall promptly pay all rent ,security deposit and other charges payable by it in accordance with the terms of this agreement.
9.2 乙方應愛護使用出租房屋，如因乙方的過失或過錯致使房屋設施及屋內用具和飾品受到損壞(正常損耗除外)，乙方應負賠償責任。
paryt b shall treat the leased property with care. if as a result of party b’s negligence or misconduct, the leased property and the related facilities and accessorties suffer any damage(fair wear and tear excepted ),party b shall be responsible for compensating party a for such damages.
9.3 乙方應按本合同的約定合法使用出租房屋，不得擅自改變使用性質，不應存放中華人民共和國法律下所禁止的危險物品，如因此發生損害，乙方應承擔全部責任。
party b shall use the leased property legally as agreed in this agreement and may not change such use on its own…party b shall not store any dangerous items which are prohibited by the laws in the people’s republic of china in the leased property and shall be fully responsible for any admages of losses as result thereof.
9.4 未經甲方事先書面同意，乙方不得將出租房屋轉租或租給其他的第三者。
without party a’s prior written consent ,party b may not assign the tenancy or sublet the leased property to a third party.
十、違約處理：
breach of agreement :
10.1 甲、乙任何一方如未按本合同的條款履行，構成違約，應承擔相應的違約責任。雙方同意違約方應賠償守約方之直接損失人民幣____________元。
if either party a or party b fails to perform its obligations hereunder ,it shall constitute a breach of this agreement and the defaulting party shall be liable for the liabilities resulting from such breach. the parties agree that the party in breach shall pay the other party compensation ____________________for the direct loss and damage suffered by the other party as result of such breach .
10.2 乙方有下列行為之一的，甲方有權終止本合同，收回出租房屋，并且保證金不予返還;
party a shall have the right to terminage this agreement ,repossess the leased property and forfeit the security deposit if party b commits one of the following:
a.未得甲方書面書面同意，將出租房屋擅自轉租;
sublets the leased property without party a’s written consent;
b.未得甲方同意將出租房擅自拆改結構或改變用途的：
alters the structure of the leased property or uses the leased property other than for the purpose started herein without party a’s consent;
c.無故拖欠租金超過三天(除雙方就本合同存在爭議除外)。
fails to pay rent without any reason for more than thirty (30)days after the due date except where there is a dispute in respect of this agreement.
十一、適用法律：
applicable law:
本合同的成立，其有效性、結實、簽署和解決與其他有關的一切糾紛均應受中國法律的管轄并依據中國法律解釋。
the formation of this agreement ,its validity,interpretation,executiong and settlement of any disputes arising hereunder shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the people’s republic of china.
十二、爭議的解決：
dispute resolution:
凡因執行本合同所產生的或與本合同有關的一切爭議，雙方應通過友好協商解決;協商不成，應提交中國國際經濟貿易仲裁委員會，按其仲裁規則和中華人民共和國仲裁法進行仲裁。仲裁解決是終局的，對雙方都有約束力。
in the case of disputes arising over this agreement of any matters related hereto ,the parties shall negotiate in good faith to resolve such disputes.if such negotiation fails, the parties shall submit the dispute to arbitration by the china international economic and trade arbitration commission in accordance with its arbitration rules and the arbitration law of the people’s republic of china.the decision of the arbitration body is final and shall be binding on the parties hereto.
十三、其他
others:
13.1 本合同如有未盡事宜，由甲、乙雙方洽談解決。
if this agreement it unclear with respect to certain matters, the two parties shall discuss to resolve such ambiguities.
13.2 本合同由中、英文寫成，兩種文本具有同等效力。
this agreement is written both in the chinese and english languages.both versions shall be equally authentic.
13.3 本合同經雙方簽字后立即生效，未經雙方同意，不得任意終止或修改，本合同另有約定除外，本合同一式二份，甲、乙雙方各執一份。
this agreement shall become effective upon the signing thereof by the parties hereto an registration with the relevant authorities.save and except as provided in this agreement ,this agreement may not bye terminated or amended without the consent of both parties.there are two(2) originals of this agreement ,one for party a,one for party b.
本合同于__________年 月_____日簽訂。
this agreement was signed in __________________on ________________
甲方： 乙方：
partya: partyb:
蓋章： 蓋章：
seal: seal:
地址： 地址：
address: address:
電話： 電話：
telephone number: telephone number:
英文合同范文3
身份證件號碼（ID Number.）
地址（Address）
電話（Tel）
借款方（Borrower）
法定代表人（Representative）
職務（Title）
地址（Address）
電話（Tel）
借款方是一家從事生產銷售噴砂和拋光研磨纖維石產品；（砂石品業務）的公司：
The Borrower operates Manufacture and sale of the spray-stone （the Stone Business）；
借款方因生產經營需要，向貸款方借款。雙方本著互惠互利的目的，友好協商，特制訂本合同。
For its production and operation， the Borrower intends to borrow money from the Lender. For the mutual benefits， both Parties agree to conclude this Contract.
第一條 借款金額 Article 1 Amount of Loan
借款金額280，000美元 （大寫：貳拾捌萬美元）
US$280，000（Capital Letter： Two Hundred Eighty Thousand US Dollars）
貸款方在簽訂本書面合同之前，已向借款方提供280，000美元貸款。借款方在此確認已經收到貸款方通過銀行轉賬方式提供的280，000美元貸款。
The Lender agrees to advance the Loan US$280，000 to the Borrower prior to the signing of this Contract. The Borrower hereby confirms that it has received the Loan US$280，000 advanced by the Lender through bank transfer.
第二條 借款用途Article 2 Scope for Use
本合同所約定的貸款僅用于借款方生產銷售砂石品業務，不得挪作它用。
The loan hereof is only for Borrower‘s Stone Business and shall not be appropriated for other use.
第三條 利率及還款期Article 3 Interest and Term Repayment
1. 如果借款方在合同約定的還期限內還清借款，貸款方則不收取借款利息。
The Lender agrees that no interest will be payable on the Loan for the term of the loan while the Borrower is not in default of repayment.
2. 借款方應按照以下還款期向貸款方償還借款：
The Borrower agrees to repay the Loan to the Lender in accordance with the following repayment schedule：
在本合同簽訂之日起十二個月內償還借款 美元；
Repayment due on or before the date 12 months from the date of this agreement.
在本合同簽訂之日起二十四個月內償還借款 美元；
Repayment due on or before the date 24 months from the date of this agreement.
在合同簽訂之日起三十六個月內償還借款 美元。
Repayment due on or before the date 36 months from the date of this agreement.
3. 借款方應根據貸款方合理要求的時間、場所和方式還款。
All repayments shall be made at the time and place and in the manner reasonably required by the Lender.
第四條 管理費用Article 4 Management Fee
1.借款方同意在借款期內，向貸款方支付管理費用，管理費用的金額為借款方砂石品業務銷售總額1.4%.
The Borrower agrees to pay to the Lender a sum equivalent to 1.4% of the total income received by the Borrower， from the sales turnover of the Stone Business， during the term of the loan.
2. 借款方同意按第4.3條約定自每一財務季度結束之日起三十日內向貸款方支付管理費用，付款時間表如下：
Subject to clause 4.3 the Borrower agrees to pay the Management Fee to the Lender in arrears on or before the date 30 days following the end of the previous financial quarter in accordance with the following payment schedule：
每年一月一日至三月三十一日期間的管理費用；
Management Fee calculated for the period 1 January – 31 March each year.
每年四月一日至六月三十日期間的管理費用；
Management Fee calculated for the period 1 April – 30 June each year.
每年七月一日至九月三十日期間的管理費用；
Management fee calculated for the period 1 July – 30 September each year.
每年十月一日至十二月三十一日期間的管理費用。
Managem
ent Fee calculated for the period 1 October – 31 December each year.
3.本合同簽訂之日起的首個季度管理費用自2011年 月 日起正式開始計算。
Management Fee due in respect of the financial quarter within which the date of this agreement falls will only become due on the date of 2011.
4. 如果借款方在本合同簽訂之日起兩年內提前還清借款280，000美元，借款方支付管理費用的義務自合同簽訂之日起兩年后終止。
In case the Borrower repays the loan US$280，000 within 2 years from the date of this agreement then the obligation to pay the Management fee will cease at the end of the 2 year period.
第五條 浮動抵押 Article 5 Floating Mortgage
1. 借款方以其現有的和將來擁有的生產設備、原材料、成品和半成品向貸款方提供抵押。
The Borrower agrees to Mortgage to the Lender all equipments， raw materials， finished and unfinished goods owned now and in the future by the Borrower.
2.《抵押物清單》對抵押物價值的約定，并不作為貸款方依本合同對抵押物進行處分的估價依據，也不構成貸款方行使抵押權的任何限制。
The value of the Mortgaged properties stipulated in the shall neither be deemed as the price of sale nor as any limit on the Mortgagee‘s right， while the Lender exercises its right.
3. 抵押物的相關有效證明和資料由當事人確認封存后，由借款方交與貸款方保管，但法律法規另有規定的除外。
Subject to any the laws and regulations， any information and certifications in respect of the Mortgaged properties shall be handed over by the Borrower to the Lender after sealed.
4. 浮動抵押擔保的范圍為本金、利息、管理費、違約金、賠償金以及實現債權所發生的一切費用，包括但不限于訴訟費、公證費、仲裁費、律師費、財產保全費、差旅費、執行費、評估費、拍賣費等。
The floating Mortgage hereof secures the principal， interests， management fees， compensation， and any other cost arising from the enforcement of the Lender‘s right pursuant to this Contract， including but without limitation court fee， cost for notarization， arbitration fee， attorney fee， fee for custody， traveling expense， compulsory execution fee， assessment fee and auction fee.
5. 借款方應自本合同簽訂之日起三十日內向有關部門辦理本合同的審批、備案和登記等事宜，所產生的費用由借款方承擔。
The Borrower shall apply for administrative approval， record-keeping and registration on its own fee in thirty days from the signing of this Contract.
6. 借款方應當合理使用和妥善保管抵押物，如抵押物的價值比本合同簽訂時的評估價減少15%以上的，借款方應當在三日內通知貸款方。貸款方有權要求借款方繼續提供相應擔?；蛘咛崆斑€款。
The Borrower shall use and keep the Mortgaged properties in a reasonable manner， in case the value of the Mortgaged properties have been reduced by 15% from the agreed value at the date of signing this Contract， the Borrower shall inform the Lender. The Lender is entitled to require the Borrower for appropriate securities or for repayment immediately.
7. 貸款方在借款方發生以下情形之一時，可以行使抵押權：
The Lender is entitled to exercise its Mortgagee‘s right， in the following cases：
（1）借款方違反本合同所約定的義務；
The Borrower is in default of its obligation hereof；
（2）經營情況嚴重惡化、減少注冊資本；
The Borrower‘s business has seriously deteriorated or reduced the registered capital.
（3）借款方分立、合并； The Borrower is to be or has been divided or merged；
（4）借款方涉及重大糾紛訴訟，涉案標的30萬元人民幣以上；
The Borrower is involved in an important litigation or any other dispute of which the amount is above 300，000RMB.
（5）借款方破產、歇業、解散、被停業整頓、被吊銷營業執照；
The borrower risks to bankruptcy or goes bankrupt， closes out， dissolves， has been asked to suspend business to raise standards or has its license revoked；
（6）借款方住所或法定代表人發生變更；
The business place or the legal representative has been changed；
（7）其他因借款方原因可能導致貸款方擁有抵押權無法實現的情形。
The Lender could not enforce the Mortgagee‘s right because of any other event due to the Borrower.
借款方發生或很可能發生以上情形之一的，貸款方書面通知借款方之日為浮動抵押財產確定之日。若借款方不簽收通知回執的，貸款方有權按本合同第十四條所示方法通知，視為乙方已經收到。
If any case above said occurs or more than likely to occur， the floating Mortgage converts into being fixed Mortgage at the date of notice sent by the Lender. If the Borrower refuses to sign receipt， it is deemed to have received the notice sent by the Lender in according article 14.
第六條 陳述與保證Article 6 Presentations and Warranties
借款方在此陳述并保證以下事項屬實，否則承擔欺詐的法律責任：
The Borrower hereby presents and warrants all the following facts， otherwise it shall be liable for fraud.
1.借款方是本合同項下抵押財產完全的、有效的、合法的所有者；該抵押財產不存在權屬方面的爭議。
The Borrower has the entire， valid and legal ownership of the Mortgaged properties without any dispute or claim.
2. 本合同項下抵押財產不存在瑕疵。
No defect on the Mortgaged properties.
3. 本合同項下的抵押財產依法可以設定抵押，設立本合同的抵押不會受到任何限制。
The Mortgaged properties are legally available for Mortgage without any limitation.
4. 本合同項下的抵押財產未被依法查封、扣押。
The Mortgaged properties haven‘t been sealed or seized.
借款方在此保證在合同存續期間，未經貸款方書面同意，不從事以下行為：
Without the Lender‘s prior written consent， the Borrower hereby warrants that during the term of this Contract， it will not：
1. 對公司的利潤進行分紅；
Pay any dividend in respect of its profits to its shareholders；
2. 在一個財務季度內購買價值合計25，000美元以上的生產設備；
Not acquire an aggregate of more than US$25，000 worth of plant or equipment in a calendar quarter；
3. 對抵押財產再次設立抵押、質押或者出租、贈予抵押財產。
Remortgage， reMortgage， rent or give the Mortgaged properties to any other person；
第七條 經銷Article 7 Distribution
借款方同意貸款方在本合同約定的條件下，在世界范圍內銷售借款方生產的噴砂和拋光研磨纖維石產品（“砂石產品”）
The Borrower agrees that the Lender may distribute the “spray-stone” and “super-stone” products （“Stone Products”） anywhere in the world and on whatever terms it sees fit for the term of this agreement.
在本合同訂立之日至2013年12月31日期間，借款方向貸款方出售砂石產品的價格不高于當次交易時最近三個月借款方出售砂石產品的最低價格。
The Borrower agrees that from the date of this agreement until 31 December 2013 it will sell the Stone Products to the Lender at a price no higher than the lowest price for which it sold the Stone Products in the immediately preceding 3 month period.
本條所賦予的經銷權是非獨家經銷權。
The rights conferred by this clause are non-exclusive.
貸款方同意在2013年12月31日前，不向借款方簽訂本合同時已有的顧客出售砂石產品。該客戶名單以簽訂合同當天本合同雙方書面確認的名單為準。
The Lender agrees that it will not prior to 31 December 2013 sell the Stone Products to any existing customer of the Borrower at the time of this agreement. Only those customers of the Borrower confirmed in writing by the Parties hereof at the time of this agreement have the binding effect.
第八條 監督檢查Article 8 Supervision
貸款方和保證人有權檢查貸款使用情況。檢查時，借款方對調閱有關文件、賬冊和記賬憑證，查核物資庫存，生產情況以及其它與借款人的清償能力有關的信息，必須給予方便。
The Lender and the Surety have the right to supervise the use of loan. The Borrower shall provide all kinds of facility to the Lender and Surety to check the relevant documents， accounting books， accounting vouchers， inventory， production and any other information relating to the solvency of the Borrower.
第九條 違約責任Article 9 Liability
1. 借款方不按合同規定的用途使用借款，貸款方有權提前收回全部貸款，對違約使用的部分，收取12%/年的利息。
1. As if the Borrower appropriates the loan from use stipulated herein， the Lender is entitled to get back the entire loan immediately and to claim for interests on the amount of loan appropriated at the rate of 12%/year.
2.借款方如逾期不還借款，貸款方有權追回借款，并按0.05%每天加收罰息。
As if the Borrower fails the repay the loan in time， the Lender is entitled to get back the entire loan immediately and to claim for delayed repayment interest at the rate of 0.05% per day.
第十條 法律適用Article 10 Governing Law
本借款合同的效力、履行、變更、終止和解釋均適用 有關法律法規。
The validity，performance， modification， termination and interpretation of this Contract are governed by law.
第十一條 爭議解決Article 11 Dispute Resolution
對本合同的效力、履行、變更、終止或解釋發生爭議，由當事人雙方協商解決。協商不成，雙方同意向有管轄權的人民法院。
Any dispute arising from the validity，performance， modification，termination or interpretation of this Contract， may be settled by negotiation. If an agreement could not be reached， then both Parties agree to submit the dispute to the court which has the jurisdiction over the matter.
第十二條 通知Article 12 Notice
1.貸款方指定本合同事宜的聯系人為 .
The Lender appoints as the particular for receipt.
聯系電話 （Tel）
傳真 （Fax）
地址 （Address）
電子郵箱 （Email）
2. 借款方指定本合同事宜的聯系人為 .
2. The Borrower appoints as the particular for receipt.
聯系電話 （Tel）
傳真 （Fax）
地址 （Address）
電子郵箱 （Email）
借貸雙方因履行本合同而相互發出或者提供的所有通知、文件、資料，均以本條所列明的地址、傳真送達，一方如果變更聯系人或其聯系方式，應當書面通知對方。
Any notices， documents and material arising from the performance of this Contract shall be sent to the contact stipulated by this Article. During the Term， if one Party changes its particular for receipt of notices or the latter‘s contact， shall give written notice to the other Party in accordance with this Article.
通過普通郵寄方式寄出的，在寄出的三日內視為送達；通過掛號專遞方式寄出的，在簽收之日視為送達。
All notices shall be deemed served three days after the date of posting or， if hand delivered， on the actual date of receipt.
第十三條合同生效與解釋 Article 13 Validity and Interpretation
本合同一式五份，借貸雙方各執一份，另外三份送有關部門審批、登記或備案，本合同自借貸雙方代表簽字之日起生效。
This Contract is made out in five copies； the Lender and Borrower respectively hold one， the rest copies are for administrative approval， registration or record-keeping. This Contract comes into force from the day on which its signed by the representative of each Party.
貸款方（Lender） 借款方（Borrower）
英文合同范文4
承租方（乙方）Lessee （hereinafter referred to as Party B） ：
根據國家有關法律、法規和有關規定，甲、乙雙方在平等自愿的基礎上，經友好協商一致，就甲方將其合法擁有的房屋出租給乙方使用，乙方承租使用甲方房屋事宜，訂立本合同，
房屋租賃合同英文版。
In accordance with relevant Chinese laws 、decrees and pertinent rules and regulations ，Party A and Party B have reached an agreement through friendly consultation to conclude the following contract.
一、 物業地址 Location of the premises
甲方將其所有的位于上海市_________區____________________________________的房屋及其附屬設施在良好狀態下出租給乙方___________使用。
Party A will lease to Party B the premises and attached facilities all owned by Party A itself， which is located at _______________________________________ __________________________ and in good condition for_____________ .
二、 房屋面積 Size of the premises
出租房屋的登記面積為_________平方米（建筑面積）。
The registered size of the leased premises is_________square meters （Gross size）。
三、 租賃期限 Lease term
租賃期限自_______年___月___日起至_______年___月___日止，為期___年，甲方應于_______年___月___日將房屋騰空并交付乙方使用。
The lease term will be from _____（month） _____（day） _______（year） to ________（month） _____（day） _______（year）。 Party A will clear the premises and provide it to Party B for use before _____（month） _____（day） _______（year）。
四、 租金 Rental
1. 數額：雙方商定租金為每月人民幣_____________元整， 乙方以___________形式支付給甲方 .
Amount： the rental will be ____________per month. Party B will pay the rental
to Party A in the form of ____________in ________________.
2. 租金按_____月為壹期支付；第一期租金于_______年_____月_____日以前付清；以后每期租金于每月的______日以前繳納，先付后?。ㄈ粢曳揭詤R款形式支付租金，則以匯出日為支付日，匯費由匯出方承擔）。甲方收到租金后予書面簽收。
Payment of rental will be one installment everymonth（s）。 The first installment will be paid before_______（month）______（day）__________（year）。 Each successive installment will be paid_____________each month.
Party B will pay the rental before using the premises and attached facilities （In case Party B pays the rental in the form of remittance， the date of remitting will be the day of payment and the remittance fee will be borne by the remitter.） Party A will issue a written receipt after receiving the payment.
3. 如乙方逾期支付租金超過十天，則每天以月租金的0.5％支付滯納金；如乙方逾期支付租金超過十五天，則視為乙方自動退租，構成違約，甲方有權收回房屋，并追究乙方違約責任。
In case the rental is more than ten working days overdue， Party B will pay 0.5 percent of monthly rental as overdue fine every day， if the rental be paid 15 days overdue， Party B will be deemed to have with drawn from the premises and breach the contract. In this situation， Party A has the right to take back the premises and take actions against party B's breach.
五、 保證金 Deposit
1. 為確保房屋及其附屬設施之安全與完好，及租賃期內相關費用之如期結算，乙方同意于______年_____月_____日前支付給甲方保證金人民幣 _________元整，甲方在收到保證金后予以書面簽收。
Guarantying the safety and good conditions of the premises and attached facilities and account of relevant fees are settled on schedule during the lease term， party B will pay _________to party A as a deposit before _____（month） _____（day） _______（year）。 Party A will issue a written receipt after receiving the deposit.
2. 除合同另有約定外，甲方應于租賃關系消除且乙方遷空、點清并付清所有應付費用后的當天將保證金全額無息退還乙方。
Unless otherwise provided for by this contract， Party A will ret
urn full amount of the deposit without interest on the day when this contract expires and party B clears the premises and has paid all due rental and other expenses.
3. 因乙方違反本合同的規定而產生的違約金、損壞賠償金和其它相關費用，甲方可在保證金中抵扣，不足部分乙方必須在接到甲方付款通知后十日內補足。
In case party B breaches this contract， party A has right to deduct the default fine， compensation for damage or any other expenses from the deposit . In case the deposit is not sufficient to cover such items， Party B should pay the insufficiency within ten days after receiving the written notice of payment from Party A.
六、 甲方義務 Obligations of Party A
1. 甲方須按時將房屋及附屬設施（詳見附件）交付乙方使用。
Party A will provide the premises and attached facilities （see the appendix of furniture list for detail） on schedule to Party B for using.
2. 房屋設施如因質量原因、自然損耗或災害而受到損壞，甲方有修繕并承擔相關費用的責任，
合同范本《房屋租賃合同英文版》（）。
In case the premise and attached facilities are damaged by quality problems， natural damages or disasters， Party A will be responsible to repair and pay the relevant expenses.
3. 甲方應確保出租的房屋享有出租的權利，反之如乙方權益因此遭受損害，甲方應負賠償責任。
Party A will guarantee the lease right of the premises. Otherwise， Party A will be responsible to compensate Party B's losses.
七、 乙方義務 Obligations of Party B
1. 乙方應按合同的規定按時支付定金、租金及保證金。
Party B will pay the rental， the deposit and other expenses on time.
2. 乙方經甲方同意，可在房屋內添置設備。租賃期滿后，乙方將添置的設備搬走，并保證不影響房屋的完好及正常使用。
Party B may decorate the premises and add new facilities with Party A's approval. When this contract expires， Party B may take away the added facilities which are removable without changing the good conditions of the premises for normal use.
3. 未經甲方同意，乙方不得將承租的房屋轉租或分租，并愛護使用該房屋如因乙方過失或過錯致使房屋及設施受損，乙方應承擔賠償責任。
Party B will not transfer the lease of the premises or sublet it without Party A's approval and should take good care of the premises. Otherwise， Party B will be responsible to compensate any damages of the premises and attached facilities caused by its fault and negligence.
4. 乙方應按本合同規定合法使用該房屋，不得擅自改變使用性質。乙方不得在該房屋內存放危險物品。否則，如該房屋及附屬設施因此受損，乙方應承擔全部責任。
Party B will use the premises lawfully according to this contract without changing the nature of the premises and storing hazardous materials in it. Otherwise， Party B will be responsible for the damages caused by it
5. 乙方應承擔租賃期內的水、電、煤氣、電訊、收視費、等一切因實際使用而產生的費用，并按單如期繳納。
Party B will bear the cost of utilities such as communications， water， electricity， gas， management fee etc. on time during the lease term.
八、 合同終止及解除的規定 Termination and dissolution of the contract
1. 乙方在租賃期滿后如需退租或續租，應提前兩個月通知甲方，由雙方另行協商退租或續租事宜。在同等條件下乙方享有優先續租權。
Within two months before the contract expires， Party B will notify Party A if it intends to extend the leasehold. In this situation， two parties will discuss matters over the extension.
2. 租賃期滿后，乙方應在當天將房屋交還甲方；任何滯留物，如未取得甲方諒解，均視為放棄，任憑甲方處置，乙方決無異議。
When the lease term expires， Party B will return the premises and attached facilities to Party A within days. Any belongings left in it without Party A's previous understanding will be deemed to be abandoned by Party B. In this situation， Party A has the right to dispose of it and Party A will raise no objection.
3. 本合同一經雙方簽字后立即生效；未經雙方同意，不得任意終止，如有未盡事宜，甲、乙雙方可
另行協商。
This contract will be effective after being signed by both parties. Any party has no right to terminate this contract without another party's agreement. Anything not covered in this contract will be discussed separately by both parties
九、 違約及處理 Breach of the contract
1. 甲、乙雙方任何一方在未征得對方諒解的情況下，不履行本合同規定條款，導致本合同中途中止，則視為該方違約，雙方同意違約金為人民幣___________元整，若違約金不足彌補無過錯方之損失，則違約方還需就不足部分支付賠償金。
During the lease term， any party who fails to fulfill any article of this contract without the other party's understanding will be deemed to breach the contract. Both parties agree that the default fine will be________________. In case the default fine is not sufficient to cover the loss suffered by the faultless party， the party in breach should pay additional compensation to the other party.
2. 若雙方在執行本合同或與本合同有關的事情時發生爭議，應首先友好協商；協商不成，可向有管轄權的人民法院提訟。本合同一經雙方簽字后立即生效；未經雙方同意，不得任意終止，如有未盡事宜，甲、乙雙方可另行協商。
Both parties will solve the disputes arising from execution of the contract or in connection with the contract through friendly consultation. In case the agreement cannot be reached， any party may summit the dispute to the court that has the jurisdiction over the matter.
十、 其他 Miscellaneous
1. 本合同附件是本合同的有效組成部分，與本合同具有同等法律效力。
Any annex is the integral part of this contract. The annex and this contract are equally valid.
2. 本合同壹式貳份，甲、乙雙方各執一份。
There are 2 originals of this contract. Each party will hold 1 original（s）。
3. 甲、乙雙方如有特殊約定，可在本款另行約定：
Other special terms will be listed bellows：
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
甲 方：
Party A
證件號碼：
ID No
聯絡地址：
Address
電 話：
Tel：
代 理 人：
Representative：
日 期：
英文合同范文5
Lessor （hereinafter referred to as Party A）：
承租方（乙方）：
Lessee （hereinafter referred to as Party B）：
根據國家有關法律、法規和北京市有關規定，甲、乙雙方在平等自愿的基礎上，經友好協商一致，就甲方將其合法擁有的房屋出租給乙方使用，乙方承租使用甲方房屋事宜，訂立本合同。
Party A and B have reached an agreement through friendly consultation to conclude the following contract.
一、建物地址 / Location of the premises
甲方將其所有的位于北京市區的房屋及其附屬設施在良好狀態下出租給乙方使用。
Party A will lease to Party B the premises and attached facilities owned by itself which is located atand in good condition for .
二、房屋面積 / Size of the premises
出租房屋的登記面積為平方米（建筑面積）。
The registered size of the leased premises is square meters （Gross size）。
三、租賃期限 / Lease term
租賃期限自年月日起至年月日止，為期年，甲方應于年月日將房屋騰空并交付乙方使用。
The lease term will be from（month）（day）（year） to_（month）（day）（year）。 Party A will clear the premises and provide it to Party B for use before（month）（day）（year）。
四、租金/ Rental
1.數額：雙方商定租金為每月元整（含物業管理費和取暖費）。乙方以形式支付給甲方。
Amount： the rental will beper month（including management fees and heating cost）。Party B will pay the rental to Party A in the form ofcash……
2.租金按月為壹期支付；第一期租金于年月日以前付清；以后每期租金于每月的日以前繳納，先付后?。ㄈ粢曳揭詤R款形式支付租金，則以匯出日為支付日，匯費由匯出方承擔）；甲方收到租金后予書面簽收。
Payment of rental will be one installment everymonth（s）。
The first installment will be paid before（month）（day）（year）。
Each successive installment will be paid by day of each month. Party B will pay the rental before using the premises and attached facilities （In case Party B pays the rental in the form of remittance， the date of remitting will be the day of payment and the remittance fee will be borne by the remitter.） Party A will issue a written receipt after receiving the payment .
如乙方逾期支付租金超過七天，則每天以月租金的0.5%支付滯納金；如乙方逾期支付租金超過十天，則視為乙方自動退租，構成違約，甲方有權收回房屋，并追究乙方違約責任。
In case the rental is more than 7 working days overdue， Party B will pay 0.5 percent of monthly rental as overdue fine every day， if the rental be paid 10 days overdue， Party B will be deemed to have with drawn from the premises and breach the contract. In this situation， Party A has the right to take back the premises and take actions against party B‘s breach.
五、押金 / Deposit
1. 為確保房屋及其附屬設施之安全與完好，及租賃期內相關費用之如期結算，乙方同意于年月日前支付給甲方押金元整，甲方在收到押金后予以書面簽收。
Guarantying the safety and good conditions of the premises and attached facilities and account of relevant fees are settled on schedule during the lease term， party B will payto party A as a deposit before（month）（day）（year）。 Party A will issue a written receipt after receiving the deposit.
2.除合同另有約定外，甲方應于租賃關系消除且乙方遷空、點清并付清所有應付費用后的當天將押金全額無息退還乙方。
Unless otherwise provided for by this contract， Party A will return full amount of the deposit without interest on the day when this contract expires and party B clears the premises and has paid all due rental and other expenses.
3.因乙方違反本合同的規定而產生的違約金、損壞賠償金和其它相關費用，甲方可在押金中抵扣，不足部分乙方必須在接到甲方付款通知后十日內補足。
In case party B breaches this contract， party A has right to deduct the default fine， compensation for damage or any other expenses from the deposit . In case the deposit is not sufficient to cover such items， Party B shou
ld pay the insufficiency within ten days after receiving the written notice of payment from Party A.
4.因甲方原因導致乙方無法在租賃期內正常租用該物業，甲方應立即全額無息退還押金予乙方，且乙方有權追究甲方的違約責任。
If Party B can‘t normally use the apartment because of Party A ， Party A should return the deposit to Party B at once. And， Party B has the right to ask for the compensation from Party A.
六、甲方義務 / Obligations of Party A
1. 甲方須按時將房屋及附屬設施（詳見附件）交付乙方使用。
Party A will provide the premises and attached facilities （see the appendix of furniture list for detail） on schedule to Party B for using.
2. 房屋設施如因質量原因、自然損耗、不可抗力或意外事件而受到損壞，甲方有修繕并承擔相關費用的責任。如甲方未在兩周內修復該損壞物，以致乙方無法正常使用房屋設施，乙方有權終止該合約，并要求退還押金。
In case the premise and attached facilities are damaged by quality problems， natural damages or accidents， Party A will be responsible to repair and pay the relevant expenses. If Party A can‘t repair the damaged facilities in two weeks so that Party B can’t use the facilities normally， Party B has the right to terminate the contract and Party A must return the deposit.
3.甲方應確保出租的房屋享有出租的權利，如租賃期內該房屋發生所有權全部或部分轉移、設定他項物權或其他影響乙方權益的事件，甲方應保證所有權人、他項權利人或其他影響乙方權益的第三者能繼續遵守本合同所有條款，反之如乙方權益因此遭受損害，甲方應負賠償責任。
Party A will guarantee the lease right of the premises……In case of occurrence of ownership transfer in whole or in part and other accidents affecting the right of lease by party B， .party A shall quarantce that the new owner，and other associated ，third parties shall be bound by the terms of this contract.Otherwise， Party A will be responsible to compensate party B‘s losses.
4. 甲方應為本合同辦理登記備案手續，如因未辦理相關登記手續致該合同無效或損害乙方租賃權利，應由甲方負責賠償，且甲方應承擔該合同相關的所有稅費。
Party A must register this contract with the relevant government authority If not doing so resultingthat this contract is invalid or Party B‘s right of leasing may be damaged ， Party A should take the all responsibilities. Party A should also bear the all the relevant taxes.
七、乙方義務/ Obligations of Party B
1. 乙方應按合同的規定按時支付租金及押金。
Party B will pay the rental and the deposit on time.
2. 乙方經甲方同意，可在房屋內添置設備。租賃期滿后，乙方將添置的設備搬走，并保證不影響房屋的完好及正常使用。
Party B may add new facilities with Party A‘s approval. When this contract expires， Party B may take away the added facilities without changing the good conditions of the premises for normal use.
未經甲方同意，乙方不得將承租的房屋轉租或分租，并愛護使用該房屋如因乙方過失或過錯致使房屋及設施受損，乙方應承擔賠償責任。
Party B will not transfer the lease of the premises or sublet it without Party A‘s approval and should take good care of the premises. Otherwise， Party B will be responsible to compensate any damages of the premises and attached facilities caused by its fault and negligence.
4.乙方應按本合同規定合法使用該房屋，不得擅自改變使用性質。乙方不得在該房屋內存放危險物品。否則，如該房屋及附屬設施因此受損，乙方應承擔全部責任。
Party B will use the premises lawfully according to this contract without changing the nature of the premises and storing hazardous materials in it. Otherwise， Party B will be responsible for the damages caused by it .
5.乙方應承擔租賃期內的水、電、煤氣、電話費、收視費、一切因實際使用而產生的費用，并按單如期繳納。
Party B will bear the cost of utilities such as telephone communications， water， electricity and gas on time during the lease term.
八、合同終止及解除的規定/ Termination and dissolution of the contract
1.乙方在租賃期滿后如需續租，應提前一個月通知甲方，由雙方另行協商續租事宜。在同等條件下乙方享有優先續租權。
Within one month before the contract expires， Party B will notify Party A if it intends to extend the lease. In this situation， two parties will discuss matters over the extension.Under th
e same terms Party B has the priority to lease the premises.
2.租賃期滿后，乙方應在日內將房屋交還甲方；任何滯留物，如未取得甲方諒解，均視為放棄，任憑甲方處置，乙方決無異議。
When the lease term expires， Party B will return the premises and attached facilities to Party A withindays. Any belongings left in it without Party A‘s previous understanding will be deemed to be abandoned by Party B. In this situation， Party A has the right to dispose of it and Party A will raise no objection.
本合同一經雙方簽字后立即生效；未經雙方同意，不得任意終止，如有未盡事宜，甲、乙雙方可另行協商。
This contract will be effective after being signed by both parties. Any party has no right to terminate this contract without another party‘s agreement. Anything not covered in this contract will be discussed separately by both parties.
九、違約及處理/ Breach of the contract
1. 甲、乙雙方任何一方在未征得對方諒解的情況下，不履行本合同規定條款，導致本合同中途終止，則視為該方違約，雙方同意違約金為元整，若違約金不足彌補無過錯方之損失，則違約方還需就不足部分支付賠償金。
During the lease term， any party who fails to fulfill any article of this contract without the other party‘s understanding will be deemed to breach the contract. Both parties agree that the default fine will be. In case the default fine is not sufficient to cover the loss suffered by the faultless party， the party in breach should pay additional compensation to the other party.
2.若雙方在執行本合同或與本合同有關的事情時發生爭議，應首先友好協商；協商不成，可向有管轄權的人民法院提訟。
Both parties will solve the disputes arising from execution of the contract or in connection with the contract through friendly consultation. In case the agreement cannot be reached， any party may summit the dispute to the court that has the jurisdiction over the matter.
十、其他 / Miscellaneous
1. 本合同附件是本合同的有效組成部分，與本合同具有同等法律效力。
Any annex is the integral part of this contract. The annex and this contract are equally valid.
2. 本合同壹式貳份，甲、乙雙方各執一份。
There are 2 originals of this contract. Each party will hold 1 original（s）。
甲、乙雙方如有特殊約定，可在本款另行約定：
Other special terms will be listed bellows：
甲方A：
Party A：
乙方B：
Party B：
證件號碼：
ID No：
證件號碼：
ID No：
聯絡地址：
Address
聯絡地址：
Address
電話：
Tel：
電話：
Tel：
人：
Representative：
人：
Representative：
日期：
Date：
日期：
Date：
見證方：
Intermediary：
經辦人：
Representative：
聯絡地址：
Address
日期：
Date：
電話：
Tel：
：
附件/The appendix：財產清單/ Property detailed list
電器/Electrical equipment
1電視/Television
備注/Remarks：
2音響/Acoustic equipment
3冰箱/Refrigerator
4烤箱/Oven
5電話/Telephone
6空調/Air conditioner
7微波爐/Microwaveoven
8烘干機/Drying machinery
9洗衣機/Washing machine
10吸塵器/Vacuum sweeper
11咖啡機/Café machine
12飲水機/Drinking water machine
家具 /Furniture
1沙發/Sofa
備注/Remarks：
2衣柜/Wardrobe
3鞋柜/Shoescase
4茶幾/Tea table
5餐椅/Ablet chair
6餐桌/Dining-table
7書柜/Bookcase
8電視柜/TVcabinet
9單人床/Single bed
10雙人床/Double bed
11床頭柜/Nightstand
12梳妝臺/Dressing table
13寫字臺/Writing desk
14椅子/Chairs
表底數 / Gauge
1電表/Powermeter（ kWh）
備注/Remarks：
2水表A/WatermeterA（L）
3水表B /WatermeterB （L）
4
燃氣/Gasmeter（m3 ）
5熱水/Hotwatermeter （L）
英文合同范文6
關鍵詞：英文制式合同 技術引進 傳統文本模式 AB文本模式
根據聯合國《國際技術轉讓行動守則草案》中的定義，技術轉讓是指“關于制造產品、應用生產方法或提供服務的系統知識的轉讓，但不包括貿易的單純買賣或租賃”。
通過技術轉讓，受讓人可使其生產技術水平取得跨越式快速發展，增強其產品競爭力。其流向一般是從技術領先國家地區向技術相對落后國家和地區轉讓。
促成技術轉讓的技術引進合同在英文制式合同中占據及其重要的地位，究其原因，該類合同涉及專利、技術秘密等無形資產的交易，適用法律不僅包括各國相關法律法規，還包括國際公約及政府協定，相對貨物貿易而言，交易雙方大都是合作和競爭的關系，涉及的法律復雜，操作難度大，作價困難，國家管制多。
在完整理解、準確使用技術轉讓英文制式合同之前，有必要回顧英文制式合同的特點。
一、英文制式合同的發展及特點
契約是人類社會商業活動的基礎，隨著文明程度的不斷提高和商品經濟的不斷發達，訂立契約的方式經過幾千年的演進和發展，發生了深刻的變化。特別是19世紀發源于英格蘭中部地區的資本主義國家工業革命，以大規模工廠化生產取代個體工場手工生產，極大刺激和推動了商品流通和交易的發展，國際貿易以前所未有的速度飛速發展，隨之而來的就是契約形式的不斷發展和完善，格式契約-書面合同逐漸成為所有契約形式中最主要的方式。
當商品交換和交易發生在同一地區時，因交易各方處于同一宗教、文化及語言背景下，很容易就交易內容達成一致，但當交易各方來自不同宗教、文化，特別是不同法律、語言體系時，如何保證交易的順利進行成為重大挑戰。
經過多年演進，特別是19世紀工業革命帶來的國際貿易空前繁榮和飛速發展，保證交易雙方合法權利，降低交易風險的國際商法隨之不斷完善，最終平等原則、自愿原則、誠實信用原則、合法原則成為了國際貿易基本原則。
在上述四項基本原則的基礎上，英文制式合同逐漸成為國際貿易的基本合同形式，英文合同也逐漸形成了自有的特點：
（一）、合同文本復雜、繁冗。一項復雜的交易，如技術引進合同，往往十分復雜，篇幅很多，以目前的技術引進合同為例，加上技術附件，往往篇幅達幾百頁，有的甚至上千頁。即使商務合同本身也多達上百頁。究其原因，主要是國際商法中英美法國家實行判例法，大陸法系國家實行成文法。成文法國家法律體系穩定，對合同中很多內容作出了直接規定，合同篇幅相對較少，合同中只需列明管轄法律即可；而英美法系國家法律推行判例法，高度尊重私法自治，成文法大多僅作為參考，不具有強制適用的性質，簽約雙方可以就交易中所有相關內容按自己的意愿作出法律框架內任何能被接受的約定，合同文字成為法律解釋合同文件，判明合同當事人意愿的唯一依據，導致簽約各方都力求合同結構完整、語意嚴密明確，合同中大量使用限定詞、定語狀語從句，避免使用可能導致爭議及歧義的代詞，結果就是篇幅很長。
（二）、合同語法嚴謹，具有莊嚴和簡潔的特點，長句式遠多于短句式。為保證意思自治，規避有爭議的先前判例，明確表示可能產生爭議的事項，減少合同執行過程中有可能產生的分歧，英美法體系下的合同往往是由簡單的短句組成長句，由更多的長句組成合同，且每個合同因買賣標的不同，標的的自身性質不同，導致不可能出現完全一樣的合同文本。
另一方面，英文合同不是簡單的“合同”加“英語”（同理，“法律英語”不是“法律”加“英語”），原因在于合同英語是一門獨立的學科，絕非“合同”與“英語”兩者的簡單相加。準確的說，英文合同具有自身行業特點的“行話”，這個行話就是“法言法語”，即合同語言的莊嚴性。這些語言特點主要指有別于簡明常用語言的語言，主要來源于一些中古英語和外來詞匯，如null and void、aforesaid、hereinafter、hereunder等，這些語言經過若干世紀的援用，形成了今天根植于合同的法律語言。
（三）、英文合同有其嚴密的邏輯性和很強的規律性。盡管如前所述，英文合同高度重視交易雙方意思自治，但僅考慮這方面因素很難保證合同嚴密明確，因此英美法體系下合同在草擬過程中主要還是遵從向前判例，盡量使用向前判例認可和形成的語言和邏輯結構，今天的制式合同就是經過前人反復積累逐漸固定下來的，形成了一定的規律性。規律性一是體現在合同結構方面，一份標準的制式合同通常由四個部分組成，即標題、序言（或鑒于）、主要條款和結尾（或其他），另一個規律性是合同語言方面，重大條款部分的語言有規可循，減少了語言上的普通性和隨意性。
依賴于合同結構和語言的規律性，合同中法律風險，每個條款中可能存在的顯性和隱性風險變得相對固定，便于交易雙方快速識別，并開展相關的談判工作。
（四）、制式合同中英美法系制式合同占據主流地位。如前所述，英文制式合同有大陸法系和英美法系，因兩個法系在法理、裁決即判罰上存在巨大差異，導致大陸法系合同相對簡單簡潔，只需引用適用法律即可規避風險，英美法系因重判例、輕成文，民商法強調私法和意思自治，導致合同篇幅長。
因英美法系國家一直占據國際貿易主流地位，英美法系合同文本逐漸成為主要文本文件，我們說的標準合同文本，實際上更多的來自于英美法系合同文本，在引進增補部分大陸法系法理的基礎上，逐漸演變成今天的局面。
二、技術引進英文制式合同AB文本模式
（一）標準英文制式合同格式
上個世紀80年代初期，隨著我國改革開放的深入，對外交往增多，國際經濟技術合作突飛猛進，我國急需引進大量國外先進技術加速經濟發展，技術引進英文制式合同隨之引入國內，并逐漸成為我們開展技術轉讓及國際經濟技術交流的合同標準文本，雖然各公司文本內容不完全一致，但主要內容大同小異。其主要內容如下：
1、標題：合同標題表明合同性質、技術轉讓內容；
2、序言：含兩部分內容。一是合同簽約背景簡述，二是合同用語定義。
3、正文：該部分是合同主要內容，一般包含以下11章：
1）第一章：合同目的；2）第二章：價格；3）第三章：付款及付款條件；4）第四章：技術文件交付及交付條款，包裝及標識；5）第五章：設計、設計聯絡、標準與規范；6）第六章：試運、性能考核及合同裝置驗收；7）第七章：保證及損害賠償；8）第八章：許可、技術秘密及保密；9）第九章：不可抗力；10）第十章：稅賦；11）第十一章：仲裁及適用法律。
4、結尾及其他：該部分一般包含兩章
1）生效時間、合同終止及其他；2）法定地址。
（二）技術引進合同關鍵點
因技術轉讓特性，其關鍵點及難點主要在以下幾個方面
1、作價：雖然影響技術轉讓價格的因素很多，但一般公認的技術轉讓價格構成主要是研發成本、技術受讓方利潤預期及轉讓成本。
2、專利、專有技術內容要求：主要包括詳細專利清單，專有技術描述及相應的經濟技術指標及性能保證。
3、付款及付款方式：在一次總付、分期支付、入門費加利潤提成、入門費加銷售額提成等四種方式中選擇；付款方式一般與技術資料、專有技術的轉讓提交時間關聯。
4、技術秘密的保密期限：對轉讓方包括技術文件、技術資料等專有技術的保密期限。
5、損害賠償的界定及金額：包括技術缺陷給受讓方帶來的損害賠償及專利、專有技術侵權保護。
6、技術實施后技術改進的權屬：根據不同情況，許可方與受讓方對后續技術改進的權屬及使用限制約定。
（三）傳統合同文本模式
多年來，我國的對外技術引進一直在上述文本的基礎上與轉讓方進行轉讓談判。即使是與同一許可方在短期內進行二次交易，也避免不了重新談判，從而形成一單一談、一單一簽的模式。這種模式的優點是每項技術引進項目中，交易雙方的不同訴求及特點能得到最大程度的保護，但其缺點也顯而易見，主要體現在以下幾個方面：
1、耗時長，效率低下。合同談判中，主要針對上述6項關鍵點，本著意思自治的原則，雙方往往要經過多個回合的艱苦談判，一項技術轉讓往往耗時長達一年。即使是與同一轉讓方進行多次轉讓談判，也要經歷上述過程，花費同樣時間。加上工程實施時間，產出合格產品也在談判開始3年后，而技術本身飛速發展，受讓方當初的技術領先預期受到損害。
2、質量參差不齊。對受讓方而言，體現在每個技術引進合同不能保證質量高，條款約定不能保持統一。其原因一是人為因素比例大，談判人員自身能力和素質對談判結果影響大；二是專利所有者之間的重組、并購頻繁，即使是引進同一技術，也會因為所屬公司不同而有不同約定。
針對上述缺點，我們開始探索使用另一種文本模式，即AB合同模式，代替傳統合同模式。
（四）AB合同模式
1、模式簡介
所謂AB合同模式就是在上述合同文本基礎上，事先與各潛在專利商進行合同談判，除部分條款（如價格條款）待定外，就合同主要條款達成一致，達成一致部分應占全部條款的80%以上，并約定條款有效期（一般確定為3年），稱為合同A。在合同有效期內，進行具體轉讓項目時，根據每個項目及技術自身特點，完成待定條款談判及修改完善合同A，稱為合同B。合同B是對合同A的補充完善和變更，合同A與B有沖突的條款，以合同B為準。合同A與B共同構成完整的技術轉讓合同。
2、工作流程
1）以上述標準制式合同文本為基礎，與各潛在專利商開展談判工作。
2）對合同文本談判一般采取以下原則：
合同標的部分待定；
序言中項目背景待定，合同定義確定大部分內容（如許可方、被許可方、技術秘密、試運、驗收合格、驗收證書、損害賠償等；
正文中第一章及第二章待定；第三章付款及付款條件中，確定四種方式中的一種，付款條件中確定付款節點及每個節點的比例；第四章確定交付條款，包裝及標識，技術文件交付時間待定；第五章待定；第六章確定基本原則；第七章中性能保證根據以后轉讓項目確定，損害賠償的標準待定；第八章至第十一章完全確定；
結尾幾其他的兩章完全確定
3）約定文本有效期；
4）雙方就上述文本內容達成一致后，經雙方法務及管理層批準后，簽署合同A。
5）有效期內出現轉讓需求后，雙方只需確定合同A中未定部分，并根據轉讓項目具體特點對合同A中相關條款進行增補變更。
6）合同B注明與合同A共同構成完整合同，如合同A與合同B出現沖突，以合同B為準。
7）經雙方法務及管理層批準后，合同正式生效。
三、結語
采用合同AB 文本，可以保證合同質量，避免談判人員能力及素質差異對轉讓技術合同及實施帶來的影響。合同中交易雙方主要風險已在合同A中規范，使具體技術轉讓時的風險易于識別和管理。同時合同談判中耗時最長、談判最困難部分預先在轉讓發生前達成一致，可極大節約轉讓談判時間，為技術快速實施創造了條件。
根據試行情況看，某能源企業須在兩年內引進某技術用于5套不同裝置，涉及多個技術轉讓合同，如采用傳統文本模式，5套裝置分別談判需耗時至少一年以上，采用合同AB文本模式后，5套裝置談判簽約總時間縮短為1個月，極大提高了效率，降低了風險，壓縮了工程實施時間，使產品比以往提前至少半年投入市場，為企業贏得市場先機，創造了效益。
參考文獻：
[1] 范文祥.英文合同閱讀與分析技巧[M].法律出版社
