前言:中文期刊網精心挑選了過去分詞練習范文供你參考和學習,希望我們的參考范文能激發你的文章創作靈感,歡迎閱讀。
過去分詞練習范文1
邏輯主語是什么:就是非謂語動作的發出者或承受者。
練習一:找出下列句中非謂語動詞短語(即畫線部分)的邏輯主語。
1. Used for a long time, the book looks old. (_________)
2. Using the book, I find it useful. (_________)
3. He likes helping others. (_________)
4. Moved by his words, I told him all the news. (_________)
5. It’s kind of you to tell me the news. (_________)
6. It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time.(_________)
7. The teacher asked me to answer his question. (_________)
8. I saw him playing at the river side. (_________)
一般來說,分詞做狀語,它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。
如果邏輯主語是非謂語動詞的發出者,那么非謂語動詞就用主動。如:例2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8;如果邏輯主語是非謂語動詞的承受者,那么非謂語動詞就用被動。如:例1, 4。
二、過去分詞做狀語的功能
(一)表被動
過去分詞與句子的主語構成動賓關系,也就是邏輯主語是非謂語動詞的承受者。
練:請用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空。
(1)__________ (read ) carefully, the article has several mistakes .
(2)__________(see) from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
(3) __________ (find) in the forest, the lost boy was already exhausted.
(4) __________ (beat) by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged.
思考:過去分詞作狀語都表被動嗎?
(二)表狀態
1. 源于情感類動詞的過去分詞作狀語時表狀態,與句子的主語不構成動賓關系(情感類動詞的過去分詞,是形容詞化的過去分詞),所表達的意義是說明主語的狀態,“感到……的”,不表被動。情感類的動詞過去分詞有:astonished, amazed, annoyed, amused, convinced, delighted, disappointed, encouraged, excited, frightened, interested, pleased, surprised, satisfied, shocked, terrified, tired, touched, moved, worried, bored, tired等等。
練習三:請用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空或選擇一個最佳答案。
(1)After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, safe but _______(tire).
(2)__________(disappoint) with the result of the experiment, she started a new one.
(3)After the journey, the three of them went back home, _________
A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired
C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired
(4)________(surprise)and happy,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
(5)After his journey from abroad, Richard John returned home, ________(exhaust).
2. 源于系表結構的過去分詞作狀語時表狀態,與句子的主語不構成動賓關系(這種分詞也是形容詞化的過去分詞)。如:be lost in (沉迷于),be seated(坐著), be hidden(躲),be absorbed in(沉溺于), be tired of(厭煩), be interested in(感興趣),be well-known for(因出名), be dressed in (穿著),be faced with (面臨著) 等。當這些短語作狀語時,常用過去分詞作狀語,表示主語所處于某種的狀態。
練習四:請用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空。
(1)__________(lose / absorb)in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.
(2)_________(dress)in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
(3)He left the place , __________( determine )never to come back .
(4)__________(tire) of the food, he said nothing and went out.
(5)___________(concern) about his safety, the parents called him.
三、過去分詞做狀語的用法
1. 過去分詞作狀語:表示時間,條件,原因,讓步,比較狀語時,等同于相應的時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句,讓步狀語從句和比較狀語從句。
練習五:請把下列句中做狀語的分詞短語轉換為狀語從句。
(1) He won’t go there with us unless invited.
_________________________________________________
(2) Lost in thought, I didn’t notice what happened outside.
_________________________________________________
(3) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
_________________________________________________
(4) The concert was a great success than expected.
_________________________________________________
2. 過去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語時,等同于一個并列句。
The old man got on the bus, supported by a girl.
= The old man got on the bus and was supported by a girl.
注意:
(1)狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語后,有時還可保留連詞,構成“連詞+過去分詞”結構作狀語。
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.
(2)過去分詞作狀語可以位于主句之前也可以位于主句之后。
He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently.
練習六:請把下列句中作狀語的分詞短語轉換為狀語從句。
(1) Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.
_________________________________________________
(2) Given a few minutes, I’ll finish it.
_________________________________________________
(3) Trained ten hours a day, he will still be a fool.
_________________________________________________
(4) She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.
_________________________________________________
(5) Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
_________________________________________________
四、區別現在分詞做狀語
現在分詞作狀語時,與邏輯主語之間存在主動關系,用-ing表示:
1. 當所表示的動作與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生用一般式(doing)。
Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room.
Walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
Doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
2.當所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前用完成式(having done)。
Having said this, he spread some food on the table.
Having made the mistake many times, he still makes it once agin.
練習七:請用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空或選擇一個最佳答案。
(1)__________and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired
(2)__________ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten
C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
(3) __________by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging
C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
(4)___________ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by
C. Being followed D. Having been followed
(5) ____________, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
(6)We watched, __________(amaze) as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship
練習八:閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當內容(1個單詞)或所給詞的正確形式。
1 (absorb)in his novel, Tome didn’t notice his teacher coming to him. “ 2 (tell) many times to study hard, why are you still wasting your time?” the teacher said angrily, 3 (glare) at Tom. “Sorry, Mr. Wang. 4 (not know ) what to do, I just want to keep quiet in class, 5 (kill) my time.” 6 (hear) his words, the teacher left more angrily without saying anything. 7 ( surprise), his classmates all stopped studying and looked up at Tom, 8 he was always considered a hard-working boy. “ It’s nothing special,” Tom explained, 9 (put) the novel in his bag. “Isn’t it good 10 us to read more ?” Then he began to do his homework.
參考答案
練習一:1. the book 2. I 3. he 4. I 5. you 6. you 7. me
8. him
練:(1) Read (2) Seen (3)Found (4) Beaten
練習三:(1)tired (2)Disappointed (3) B (4) Surprised (5) exhausted
練習四:(1) Lost /absorbed (2) Dressed(3) determined (4) Tired (5)Concerned
練習五:(1)He won’t go there with us unless he is invited.
(2)Because I was lost in thought, I didn’t notice what happened outside.
(3)If I am given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
(4)The concert was a great success than it was expected.
練習六:
(1)Because the teacher was satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.
(2)If I was given a few minutes, I’ll finish it.
(3)Although he is trained ten hours a day, he will still be a fool.
(4)She walked out of the house and was followed by her little daughter.
(5)Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.
練習七:(1)B (2)B (3) C (4)B (5) C (6)amazed
過去分詞練習范文2
一、句法功能
過去分詞在句中可作時間狀語,原因狀語,讓步狀語,結果狀語,方式狀語和條件狀語等。過去分詞作狀語不管放在句首或句末,一般是用逗號將其與主句隔開。
1. 作時間狀語,通常在句首,但有時句末,有時置于主語和謂語之間。
Asked about his family, the young man made no answer.
The young man made no answer, asked about his family.
The young man, asked about his family, made no answer.
問到他的家庭,這個年輕人沒有回答。
2. 作原因狀語,一般置于句首,偶爾置于句末。
Having lived abroad for years, I am long to return.
在國外居住了幾年,我渴望回國。
The child learns fast, well brought up by his parents.
受到父母的良好教育,這個小孩學得很快。
3. 作條件狀語,常位于句首。
United, we stand; divided, we fail.
團結就是勝利,分裂必然失敗。
4. 作伴隨或方式狀語,可位于句首、句中或句末。
The hunter walked slowly in the forest, followed by his wolf dog.
獵人在森林中慢慢地走,后面跟著他的狼狗。
5. 作讓步狀語,通常放在句首。
Although wounded all over, the brave soldiers continued to fight.
雖然全身受傷,這個勇敢的士兵繼續戰斗。
二、部分形容詞化的過去分詞
有些過去分詞已經形容詞化并且用于系表結構,此時這些過去分詞既不表示被動也不表示完成,而是表示一種狀態。這樣的過去分詞及過去分詞短語常見的有:lost(迷路),seated(坐),hidden(躲),stationed(駐扎),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),born(出身于),dressed in(穿著),tired of(感到厭倦)等,作狀語時,通常不用其-ing形式。
Lost in the mountain for a week, we were finally saved by the local police.
在大山里迷失了一個星期,我們最終被當地警察所救。
三、過去分詞作狀語與現在分詞作狀語的區別
過去分詞作狀語時,句子的主語是過去分詞所表示動作的承受者,它們之間的關系是被動關系;現在分詞作狀語時,句子的主語是現在分詞所表示動作的執行者,它們之間的關系是主動關系?,F在分詞動作與謂語同時發生時用一般式doing, 如果現在分詞的動作發生在謂語動詞之前,表示主動就用having done, 表示被動則用having been done。
Walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.
沿著大街向前走時,我遇到我的一個朋友。
Having finished their work, they had a rest.
完成工作后,他們就休息了。
Seen in the distance, the city looks more attractive.
從遠處看,這個城市更加迷人。
Seeing in the distance, we find the city more attractive.
從遠處看,我們發現這個城市更加迷人。
四、連詞+過去分詞
過去分詞時間狀語、條件狀語或讓步狀語時,為了明確其含義有時可在分詞前加上when, while, until, once, if, though, unless, although等連詞,這相當于狀語從句的省略。
When asked about his family, he made no answer.
當問及家庭的時候,他沒有回答。
Unless invited, I will not attend the party.
除非受到邀請,否則我將不參加聚會。
Once (it is) seen, it will not be forgotten.
只要看見就不會忘記。
但before, after一般不與過去分詞連用,因為這兩個詞還可作介詞,后接being done的形式。
Before being called, remain where you are.
在點名前,待在原地不動。
五、過去分詞作狀語與狀語從句的轉換
1. 過去分詞作時間狀語時,可轉換為when, while或after等引導的時間狀語從句。
Completed, the library will be open to the public next year. =When it is completed, the library will be open to the public.
圖書館完工后,將于明年向公眾開放。
2. 過去分詞作原因狀語時,可轉換為as, since或because等引導的原因狀語從句。
Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. =As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.
由于受到所取得的成績的鼓舞,他工作更加努力了。
3. 過去分詞作條件狀語時,可轉換為if, once或
unless等引導的條件狀語從句。
United, we will stand; divided, we will fail. = If we are united we will stand; if we are divided, we will fail.
團結就是勝利,分裂必然失敗。
4. 過去分詞作伴隨狀語時,一般轉換為并列句。
Mr Li came in, followed by his wife. = Mr Li came in and he was followed by his wife.
李老師走進來,后面跟著他的妻子。
5. 過去分詞作讓步狀語時,一般轉換為although, though或even if等引導的讓步狀語從句。
Exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. =Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.
我們雖然爬得很累,但我們仍然繼續我們的旅程。
6. 過去分詞作方式狀語時,如有連詞as if就轉換為as if引導的方式狀語從句:若無連詞,則轉換為并列句。
The little girl began to cry as if bitten by a snake. =The little girl began to cry as if she was bitten by a snake.
小女孩大叫起來,好像被蛇咬了。
練習
1. __________twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten
C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
2. __________ accoring to the directions, this kind of medicine has no side effect.
A. When taken B. When to take
C. When taking D. Taking
3. Our friendship is nothing __________ with yours.
A. to compare B. comparing
C. compared D. being compared
4. It is rather difficult to make friends with him, but his friends, __________ is more true than others.
A. after gaining B. when to gain
C. while gaining D. once gained
5. No one can walk the wire in the air without a bit of fear unless __________ very young.
A. having trained B. to be trained
C. trained D. being trained
6. __________ of stealing money from the bank, he was questioned by the police.
A. Accusing B. Having accused
C. To accuse D. Accused
7. __________ by his grandparents made Mike not used to living with his parents.
A. To bring up B. Being brought up
C. Brought up D. Bringing up
8. ― Who should be responsible for the accident?
― The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order .
A. as told B. as are told
C. as telling D. as they told
9. __________ from the top of the tower, the south of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A. Having seen B. Seen
C. To see D. Seeing
10. __________ , he continued to walk. (hesitate)
猶豫了一會,他又繼續走了下去。
11.__________ , she still accepted it without complaint. (disappoint)
盡管對結果失望,但她仍是毫無怨言地接受了它。
12. __________ , he has to stay in bed. (wound)
他腿受了重傷,不得不躺在床上。
13. __________, they took a rest. (classify)
給書分類后,他們休息了一會。
參考答案
1~9 BACDCDBAB
10. Hesitating for a moment
11. Though disappointed at the result
過去分詞練習范文3
英語中的動詞有五種基本形式,即動詞原形、一般現在時第三人稱單數形式、現在分詞、過去式和過去分詞。
一、 動詞原形
動詞原形就是詞典中作為詞條所給和形式。
如:have, live, work, study
動詞原形的主要用途是:
1. 用在一般現在時除主語為第三人稱單數以外的所有人稱的句子中,充當句子的謂語。
如:I often speak English in class.
We usually clean the room after school.
They watch TV every evening.
Do you study English?
2. 用在情態動詞以及某些詞組動詞之后,與其一同構成句子的謂語。
如:You should finish your homework as soon as possible.
They must stay at home.
I would rather buy this one.
You had better answer the questions in English.
3. 用來作某些動詞的賓語補足語。
如:The teacher let him go home at last.
Nice food makes you feel even more hungry.
We often hear her play the violin.
4. 用在will(would), shall(should), be going to 之后,構成將來時。
如:They will go to New York next month.
He told me that they would go to New York the next month.
I shall tell you the exciting news.
They are going to visit the museum.
5. 用在帶有did..., does...的疑問句中。
如: Did you see him just now?
Does Tom often play football?
What did they do then?
Where does she live?
6. 用在帶有didn’t..., doesn’t...的否定句中。
如:They didn’t clean the room yesterday.
He doesn’t study hard.
Why didn’t you tell me earlier?
二、 一般現在時第三人稱單數形式
一般現在時第三人稱單數形式也就是動詞詞尾帶有-s的形式。其變化規則與規則變化的名詞復數形式的規則相同。即:
1. 一般情況下直接在詞尾加-s。如:
know―knows rain―rains stop―stops
2. 以s, x, ch, sh以及“輔音字母+ o”結尾的詞,在詞尾加-es。如:
guess―guesses fix―fixes watch―watches
finish―finishes go―goes
3. 以“輔音字母+ y”結尾的詞,先變y 為i,再加-es。如:
study―studies carry―carries
另外還特殊形式。如:have的一般現在時第三人稱單數形式是has。動詞be的一般現在時第三人稱單數形式是is。
使用這種動詞形式必須具備兩個條件。
1. 時態必須是一般現在時。
2. 主語的人稱必須是第三人稱單數形式(即主語的人稱可以用人稱代詞he, she, it 來替代)。如:
Mike often goes for a swim in summer.
She usually gets up at 6:00.
Sometimes my father takes me to the park.
三、 現在分詞
現在分詞也就是動詞詞尾帶有-ing的形式。其變化規則如下:
1. 一般情況下直接在詞尾加-ing。如:
work―working play―playing study―studying
2. 以不發音的e結尾的詞,先去e, 再加-ing。如:
have―having dance―dancing skate―skating
3. 以重讀閉音節結尾的詞,如果末尾只有一個輔音字母,先雙寫該輔音字母, 再加-ing。如:
plan―planning sit―sitting begin―beginning
4. 以“ie”結尾的詞,先把ie改為y, 再加-ing。如:
lie―lying die―dying tie―tying
現在分詞的主要用途:
現在分詞主要是用來與動詞be形式一起構成進行時的。
由動詞be的現在時形式“am/ is/ are + 現在分詞”構成的進行時為現在進行時。表示此時正在進行的動作。如:
I am listening to the teacher now.
Tom is playing foootball over there.
They are watching TV.
由動詞be的過去式形式“was/ were + 現在分詞”構成的進行時為現在進行時。表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。如:
He was doing his homework this time yesterday.
They were listening to an American song when I came into the room.
四、 過去式與過去分詞
首先要明確過去式與過去分詞是兩個完全不同的概念。
過去式與過去分詞的構成形式分規則變化和不規則變化兩種。其規則變化兩者的形式完全相同,就是詞尾帶有-ed的形式。其變化規則如下:
1. 一般情況下直接在詞尾加-ed。如:
clean―cleaned called―called wash―washed
work―worked help―helped
2. 以e結尾的詞,直接在詞尾加- ed。如:
move―moved dance―danced close―closed
3. 以“輔音字母+y”結尾的詞,先變y為i,再加-ed。如:
try―tried study―studied carry―carried
4. 以重讀閉音節結尾的詞,如果末尾只有一個輔音字母,先雙寫該輔音字母, 再加-ed。如:
plan―planned stop―stopped prefer―preferred
不規則變化是指不是在詞尾加-ed的形式。這些詞請務必在平時下功夫熟記書后的不規則動詞表。記的時候也不完全是靠死記硬背的,有些不規則變化還是有規律可遁的。
1. 多數以“w”結尾的詞,它的過去式“w”前的字母改為e,過去分詞是原形后面加n。如:
blow―blew―blown know―knew―known
throw―threw―thrown draw―drew―drawn
2. 多數以“t”結尾的詞,中間沒有“ee”的動詞,它的過去式、過去分詞與原形三者形式相同。如:
cost―cost―cost cut―cut―cut hit―hit―hit
hurt―hurt―hurt let―let―let put―put―put
3. 以“eep”或“eel”結尾的動詞,它們的過去式和過去分詞都是把原形中的eep或eel改為ept, elt。如:
sleep―slept―slept sweep―swept―swept
keep―kept―kept feel―felt―felt
4. 以“eed”和“eet”結尾的動詞,它們的過去式和過去分詞是將原形中的eed或eet改為ed, et。如:
feed―fed―fed speed―sped―sped meet―met―met
另外,還有其他的形式,需要平時逐一用心去記。
前面就講了過去式與過去分詞是兩個完全不同的概念。因此,它們的用途是不同的。
過去式是用來表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態。如:
I was out last night.
He called me just now.
過去分詞的主要用途有兩種:
1. 與have/ has 或had 一起構成現在或過去完成時。如:
I have seen the film.
He has gone to the library.
The train had just left when I got to the station.
2. 與動詞be形式一起構成被動語態。
English is taught in our school.
過去分詞練習范文4
現行高中英語教材涉及語法知識多、范圍廣,學生時間有限,不能很好地掌握應有的語法知識而導致信心不足,成績下降。為了解決這一問題,最好的辦法就是老師要學會抓住重點講語法,做到精講多練才能提高語法教學效果?,F以以下示例為范。
一、講冠詞
冠詞是一種虛詞,用來修飾名詞。英語中有三個冠詞:定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞。在學習冠詞時,除要求學生記憶一些運用固定規則外,更重要的是培養學生通過翻譯判斷是“確定”還是“不確定”。不確定則用不定冠詞或零冠詞;確定則用定冠詞。例如:
1. Books are very important for school students. 書對學生來說很重要。
這里Books和school students都是泛指,不確定,因此不用冠詞(零冠詞)。
2. Last Sunday, I bought a reference book at the library near our school. If you are interested in the book ,I’ll bring it to you some day. 上星期天,我在我們學校附近的那家書店里買了一本參考書,如果你對那本書感興趣的話,哪天我把它給你帶來。
這里a reference book(一本參考書)是不確定的;the library near our school(學校附近的那家書店) 是確定的 ;the book(那本書) 是前文提到的,是確定的。
二、講區別定語從句與同位語從句
定語從句中,從句是不完整的??梢愿鶕木渌枰某煞謥砼袛嘞鄳囊龑г~。
例如:
At the meeting, they didn’t discuss the idea that (which或省略)you had put forward the other day.
僅觀察并翻譯從句“you had put forward the other day.”你會發現從句因缺乏賓語而翻譯不通。其實,had put forward的賓語應該是the idea.從句中之所以沒了the idea是因為它被引導詞( that或which)替換并放在從句句首作了引導詞。這樣,通過從句所需要的成分來決定選用哪種引導詞:所需要的成分如果作主語、賓語,指事物則用that 或which 或省略,指人則用who 或whom ; 所需要的成分如果作狀語,指地點用where , 指時間用when. 所需要的成分作定語則用到whose . 從句和先行詞之間是修飾和被修飾關系。
同位語從句中,從句是完整的。在news 、fact 、idea 、message 、possibility 、word(音信) 、question 、problem 、doubt等“具有一定思想內容”的名詞后常常跟同位語從句。該從句是對這些“具有一定思想內容”的名詞進行補充、解釋、說明的,是并列關系。所以其從句意思是完整的而且它們(除question problem 外)的引導詞都是that 而且that不省略。例如:
1. I have an idea that we should put the bird cage on the balcony.這里idea的內容就是we should put the bird cage on the balcony.而we should put the bird cage on the balcony就是一個idea .
2. You haven’t answered my question where you have hidden the money you had stolen.同樣,在這里question的內容就是where you have hidden the money you had stolen而where you have hidden the money you had stolen就是一個question.
三、講區別動詞不定式與動名詞作賓語
在我們的教學實踐中,為了區分不定式和動名詞,老師們往往會列出很多動詞讓學生記憶那些動詞后要跟動詞不定式,哪些后跟動名詞,這種做法確實可行,但最好還是讓學生學會理解區分效果更好。
在我看來有這一句話就夠了:動詞不定式的動作在謂語動詞之后發生,常常表示“將要……”或“為了……”。所以說動詞不定式動作具有計劃性、目的性。學生自己就能列出很多后跟不定式的動詞:decide want plan like refuse intend fail remember forget mean stop begin come 等等。例如:
They stopped to see the groups of wild ducks floating on the reservoir.(停下來要 / 為了看)
We have quite a lot of experiments to do to test whether your thought is right or not.(要做的實驗;為的是要證明)。
動名詞只表達說話者對事物的陳述,沒有未來的傾向。例如:
1.I had just finished doing my housework before you came in.
2.You must try to avoid making the same mistakes in your future work.
四、講分詞
分詞分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩種。在教學中,只需引導學生正確理解“現在分詞表主動;過去分詞表被動”就足夠了。如果分詞作狀語、作表語時,則看句子主語和分詞之間的關系,主語是分詞動作執行者,用現在分詞;是承受者,用過去分詞。例如:
1. A war broke out in the country, forcing many citizens to leave away from their homes.
這里A war 是句子主語,是force 動作的執行者,是主動關系,用現在分詞。
2.Seen from the top of this building, the whole city appears very beautiful.
這里the whole city是see動作的承受者,是被動關系,用過去分詞。這樣說是錯誤的:Seen from the top of this building, you will find the city is very beautiful.因為you 是see動作的執行者而不是承受者,應把Seen 改為Seeing.
3.Heard what the teacher explained, the children felt even more puzzled a lot.
這里children是puzzle動作的承受者,所以用過去分詞。
用同樣的方法教學生理解:分詞作定語時,則看它所“定” 的名詞和分詞動作之間的關系,該名詞是執行者,用現在分詞;是承受者,用過去分詞。分詞作賓語補足語時,則看分詞所“補足” 的賓語和分詞之間的關系,該賓語是分詞動作的執行者,用現在分詞;是承受者,用過去分詞。例如:
1. The passenger sitting in front of me has already got off the bus.(sitting in front of me 作定語,The passenger是動作執行者)
2. In fact, I didn’t know the men trapped in the building.(trapped in the building作定語,the men 是動作的承受者)
3. With his mother looking at him, the boy had to tell the truth.(looking at him 做賓語補足語,his mother是動作執行者)
過去分詞練習范文5
一、動詞不定式的省略
例1 The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police________.
A. not to do B. not to
C. not do D. do not
解析:答案為B,易誤選A??疾閯釉~不定式否定形式的省略。
例2 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________.
A. not to B. not to do
C. not do it D. do not to
解析:答案為A,易誤選B。考查動詞不定式否定形式的省略。
以上兩道題,從試題內容到考點內容幾乎是不謀而合地雷同,前者考查的是ask sb. not to do sth. 結構,后者考查的是tell sb. not to do sth.結構,重點考查的都是作賓語補足語的動詞不定式否定形式的省略。
省略結構的不定式符號to與非省略形式不定式to do的區別在于:不定式符號to是用來代表前面所述整個動詞不定式短語的,它主要用于答語中,若跟在like/love/try/want/hope/wish等動詞或習語be able/used之后,則to不可省,也不可在to 之后再加do。如:
(1)We practise playing tennis more often than we used to.
我們比過去更常練習打網球。
(2)He was told that the money would have to be paid back, but he refused to.
他被告知必須還錢,但他拒絕這樣做。
(3)However, his parents won’t allow him to train as much as he would like to.
然而,他的父母不會允許他隨心所欲地訓練。
以上句(1)中的used to,句(2)中的refused to和句(3)中的would like to其后均不可再加do。do也可用來代替前面已出現的動詞,但do只可用來代替謂語動詞,且謂語動詞必須是主動語態。被動語態的謂語動詞、be動詞、情態動詞、動名詞、動詞不定式均不可用do來代替。這就是與不定式符號to用來代替上文整個動詞不定式(短語)的根本區別。如:
(4)A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.
羽毛落下的速度比石頭慢只是因為空氣對羽毛的阻力要比空氣對石頭的阻力大。
(5)I knew he would help us,and he did.
我知道他會幫助我們的,他確實也幫助了我們。
二、分詞的省略
分詞的省略主要表現在:
1.“從屬連詞+分詞”結構中“主語+be動詞”的省略
例3 Film has a much shorter history,especially when ________ such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to B. comparing to
C. compare to D. compared to
解析:答案為D??崭袂笆÷粤薴ilm is,由于compare與句中的主語構成被動關系,所以應該選擇過去分詞,即構成“連詞when+過去分詞”的省略結構。句意為“電影的歷史較短,尤其是與音樂、繪畫這類藝術形式比較起來時,更是如此”。
例4 Anyone,once ________ positive for H7N9 flu virus,will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A. to be tested B. being tested
C. tested D. to test
解析:答案為C。由“連詞once+過去分詞”構成分詞的省略結構,作時間狀語,謂語動詞與句中主語構成被動關系,因此應用過去分詞,省去了anyone is。句意為“任何人一旦檢查出感染了H7N9病毒,將一律接受政府的免費治療”。
例5 If ________ to look after luggage for someone else,inform the police at once.
A. asked B. to ask
C. asking D. having asked
解析:答案為A。由“連詞if+過去分詞”構成分詞的省略結構,作條件狀語,asked前省略了you are。句意為“如果有人要求你為別人照看行李的話,你要立即告知警察”。
從以上考題可以看出,如果動詞與句中的主語之間構成邏輯上的被動關系時,就可用“連詞+過去分詞”的省略結構,在句中作狀語,類似的結構有:though surprised(盡管感到驚奇),unless invited(除非受到邀請),than expected(比原來想象的),as shown in the picture(如圖所示),when not treated in time(如果沒有及時治療的話)等;當動詞與句中主語之間構成邏輯上的主動關系時,就應用“連詞+現在分詞”的省略結構。如:
Don’t reach sideways while standing on a ladder(while standing =while you are standing).
當站在梯子上的時候,你不要側著身子去夠東西。
2.“助動詞+分詞”結構中助動詞的省略
例 6 Peter had intended to take a job in business,but ________ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.
A. had abandoned B. abandoned
C. abandon D. will abandon
解析:答案為B。由并列連詞and/or/but連接兩個并列謂語時,如果謂語動詞由“助動詞+分詞”構成,其第二個謂語中的助動詞應省略,只用分詞即可,因此不可選擇A。句意為“皮特原本打算從事商業,但2010年在加拿大那次不愉快的經歷之后,他放棄了那個打算”?!扒閼B動詞+非謂語動詞”構成的省略結構也是如此。如:She could speak like anperson and sing like an angel when she was a child.(當她還是個孩子的時候,她講起話來就像一個成年人一樣,唱起歌來就像天使一樣。)
三、動名詞邏輯主語的省略
例7 The station master was so thankful to Edison for ________ his son that he decided to teach him railway telegraphy.
A. save B. his saving C. saving D. to save
解析:答案為C。如果作介詞賓語用的動名詞的邏輯主語已在句中其他地方有暗示時,該動名詞的邏輯主語應省略。介詞for前已指明saving的動作是由Edison發出的,因此不可選擇B。
例8 It was no use ________ that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.
A. to pretending B. pretending
C. my pretending D. me pretending
解析:答案為B。no use 習慣于后接動名詞,又由于該動名詞的邏輯主語已從其后的主語從句中的主語“I”顯現出來,所以不可選擇C和D。
例9 Once your business becomes international,________ constantly will be part of your life.
A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying
解析:答案為D。分析句子結構可知,主句中缺少主語。B、C、D項均可在句中作主語,但由于空格后有副詞修飾,所以選D。動名詞flying在句中作主語,由于flying的邏輯主語已在從句中有暗示,所以flying之前不用加your。
過去分詞練習范文6
關鍵詞: 英語學習 非謂語動詞 語法教學
動詞在英語中非常重要,人們幾乎無時不與動詞在打交道。一個句子中可以沒有主語,但很少有句子沒有動詞而存在,有人把謂語比作英語句子的“心臟”,足見其重要性。由于動詞有時態、體、語態的變化,因此,學生感到正確使用動詞非常困難,特別是剛接觸英語的初中學生,只要看到動詞,不論它的位置如何,都在詞尾加s,es,ed。為此,我給學生引入了非謂動詞這個概念,簡而言之,非謂語動詞就是不能作謂語的動詞,它有不定式、動名詞、現在分詞和過去分詞幾種形式。怎樣讓學生能區分并正確使用非謂語動詞的各種形式,我總結出以下方法:
一、利用比較法進行教學
區別比較是英語教學中常見的方法,把相關的知識點聯系起來進行比較分析,讓學生更能清楚它們之間的區別。
(一)謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的區別。
謂語動詞是只在句子中做謂語的動詞,有時態、人稱和數的變化,非謂語動詞是句子中不作謂語的動詞,有不定式、動名詞、分詞三種形式,不受主語、時間的限制。如
She likes to dance.
They like to dance.
謂語動詞like受主語、人稱、數的限制,它的形式與主語一致,前者為likes,后者為like,非限定動詞to dance則不受這種限制。
(二)三種非謂語動詞的易混淆的重疊用法比較。
把零散的內容系統化條理化,是非謂語動詞教學不可缺少的一個步驟,因為非謂語動詞的幾種形式之間存在許多相同和差異,學生在學習過程中不可避免地出現或多或少的疑惑,不進行梳理,認識就不可能從廣度上升到深度,就不可能充分自覺地運用它。所本文以把三種非謂語動詞的幾種學生容易混淆的重疊用法進行了比較。
1.不定式作主語與動名詞作主語的用法比較
當一個抽象化了的動作,一般的行為具有泛指意味的時候都用動名詞,而表示具體的或特指的某詞動作特別是將來的動作都用不定式,如:
Somking is prohibited here.(泛指)
It isn’t good for you to smoke.(特指)
在時間概念上,動名詞有反復多次的意思,常表示一個不受具體時間限制的事情,而不定式則多用來表示以后發生的事情,有將來的意思,如:
My favorite sport is swimming. (經常性)
My hope is to see you again.(將來)
2.不定式作賓語與動名詞作賓語的比較
有些動詞只能接動名詞作賓語,有些動詞只能按不定式作賓語,有些動詞既可用不定式作賓語,又可用動名詞作賓語,其中有些動詞用不定式作賓語和用動名詞作賓語意思相同或相近,而有的動詞用不定式作賓語和用動名詞作賓語意思則不同。
(1)有些動詞只能接不定式:如:ask,pretend,want,decide,dare,hope,plan,afford,etc.如:
They decided to change their mind.他們決定改變主意。
I can’t afford to buy that book.我買不起那本書。
She wished to study.她渴望學習。
(2)常用只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞:finish,enjoy,mind,practise,avoid,suggest,etc.如:
I practise speaking English every day.我每天練習說英語。
Do you mind opening the window?你介意打開窗戶嗎?
(3)有些動詞既可以跟動名詞也可以跟不定式作賓語,如:begin,like,start,love,etc.
兩者區別不是很大,動名詞可表示的動作在意義上一般比較抽象,時間觀念不強,不只某一次動作,動詞不定式則常表示具體的動作,有將來的意思,如:
The boys like playing football.
這些男孩們喜歡踢足球。(經常性的動作)
Would you like to play football with us this Sunday?
這個周日愿意和我們一起踢足球嗎?(指一次的動作)
(4)中學階段常用帶不定式或動名詞作賓語而意義不同的動詞。
①try to do sth.設法做某事,盡力做某事
try doing sth.試著做某事
He tried working out the problem himself.
他試著自己解這道數學題。
I must try to get there on time.
我必須設法按時到那兒。
②remember to do sth.記得去做某事(還沒做)
remember doing sth.記得做過某事(已做過)
Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room.
你離開房間時記得關燈。(燈還未關)
I remember turning off the light,why is the light still on?
我記得關了燈的,為什么燈還亮著呢?
③forget to do sth.忘記要做某事(還沒做)
forget doing sth.忘記做過某事(已做過)
He often forgets to close the window.
他總是忘記要關燈。
He forgot borrowing my dictionary.
他忘記借過我的字典了。
④stop to do sth.停止某事去做另一件事
stop doing sth.停止正在做的事
Though they were all tired,they wouldn’t stop working.
雖然他們都很累了,他們也不肯停止工作。
After walking a long time,he stopped to have a rest.
走了好長時間之后,他停下來休息。
⑤regret to do sth.對要做的事遺憾
regret doing sth.對做過的事遺憾
I regret to tell you that I won’t go with you.
我很遺憾地告訴你,我不能和你一起去。
He regretted saying that to her face.
他后悔當她面說那番話。
⑥mean to do sth.打算要做
mean doing sth.意味著
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個小時。
I mean to come early today.
我打算今天早些來。
3.現在分詞作表語與過去分詞作表語的區別
這也是中學生最容易混淆的知識點,由于現在分詞和過去分詞形式接近,只是詞尾有所區別,像interesting,interested;exciting ,excited等常用詞,學生總是分不清什么時候該用現在分詞,什么時候該用過去分詞。我從意義上分析了這兩個詞的用法:現在分詞多表示主語所具有的特征,而過去分詞多由及物動詞變化而來,表示被動的意義,多用來描述人物的情感,表達外界事物對人所產生的影響。如:
The film is interesting. 電影很有趣。(電影本身特征)
I was interested in the film.我對電影感興趣。(不是我有趣)
4.現在分詞作定語與過去分詞作定語的區別
這兩類詞時間關系上不同,現在分詞所表示的動詞往往正在進行,而過去分詞所表示的動作往往已經完成。如:
developing country發展中國家
developed country發達國家
the changing world正在變化著的世界
the changed world已經起了變化的世界
the rising sun冉冉升起的太陽
the risen sun升起的太陽
boiling water正在開的水
boiled water開水
二、從詞性及充當的成分入手進行非謂語動詞教學
1.動詞不定式,兼具動名詞的詞性,可相當于名詞詞性,可充當除謂語外的任何句子成分。如:
To see is to believe.(主語,表語)
He decided to try his best.(賓語)
He is said to be from Japan.(主補)
2.動名詞,從字面意思上可得出結論,用法上相當于名詞,在句子中充當主語、表語、賓語。
如:Seeing is believing.(主語,表語)
He likes watching .(賓語)
3.分詞,包括現在分詞和過去分詞,它相當于形容詞或副詞,起修飾、強調說明的作用,常作表語、定語或狀語。
如:China is a developing country.(定語)
The United states is a developed country.(定語)
三、利用多種方法進行訓練
(一)充分與寫作相結合。
單獨的語法知識講解不能內化為學生的知識,因此,應在反復接觸和應用語法的過程中,培養學生探索、思考、創造的能力,“在用中學,在學中用”,而不是讓學生死記硬背語法規則,每個語法項目的講授和相關活動的最終環節都落實到寫作上來不失為一種好方法。在學習了動詞不定式后,我們進行了一場辯論賽,It’s good for students to take a part-time job.在整個過程中,教師精心設計活動細則,學生充分準備:大量閱讀,收集資料;集體合作,商量對策;獨立定稿,準備辯論。學生活動結束之后,重新將稿子整理好上交,再次將不定式運用于寫作環節。
(二)有效和富有情趣的操練鞏固。
單講語法規則,這樣的語法課是很枯燥的,我利用圖片直觀形象的特點,把圖畫運用到語法教學中去,學生興趣昂然。學習了動名詞后,我給學生們出示了幾張圖片,有做早操的,在太陽下看書的,躺在床上看書的,給出例句:Doing morning exercises is good for health.Reading in the sun is bad for eyes.學生很快就能運用了。
(三)使用信息卡,練習鞏固。
學習了非謂語動詞不定式和動名詞后,我給學生提供了如下一張信息卡,要求他們用所學知識描述介紹自己或朋友的情況。有學生就介紹自己:My name is Li Ming,I am a middle school student,my wish is to be a pilot,and I like watching action movie.通過練習,很快掌握了這個知識點。
(四)以學生為主體,創設情境進行教學。
作為教師,應該清楚學生是學習的主人,教師只是學生活動的組織者、引導者、合作者。教師應根據新課程標準,根據學生的具體情況,對教材進行加工,在英語課堂語法教學中有創造地呈現出各種情境,讓學生去觀察、嘗試、感受、總結、發現,可加深對知識的理解和運用。例如,在學習了“like doing sth.”句型后,為了學以致用,也為了活躍氣氛,我讓學生講出自己或朋友喜歡做的事情,同時安排了各種各樣的情境,如在校園、在家里、在公園等不同的場合,不同的人物,他們不同的愛好。當兩個男生走上講臺聲情并茂地朗誦詩歌時,其他學生紛紛舉手要求上臺表演各種動作,課堂一下子熱鬧起來,在一片歡笑中,學生熟練地掌握了這一知識。在學生表演時,我鼓勵他們說英語,并帶著表情伴以手勢,要像演戲一樣把生活中的交際情景引進課堂練習,這樣不僅幫助學生加深鞏固了所學語法知識,而且提高了學生學習英語語法的積極性,在班級形成英語語法學習的良好氣氛。
語法教學方法多種多樣,怎樣讓學生樂于學習,能靈活地運用,永遠是教師們不懈努力追求的目標。
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