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元旦標語范文1
1.牢固確立科學發展觀，在科學發展中率先發展
2.匯聚百川、服務兩港、創新開拓、勇立潮頭
3.搶抓新機遇，增創新優勢，再創新輝煌
4.裝點天下商通四海，業精于勤日日高升
5.年年歲歲花不同，歲歲朝朝人依在
6.在新的一年新的開始新的起點新的征程
7.祝全體員工元旦節快樂
8.張燈結彩迎新年，齊心協力譜新篇
9.在歌聲中歡度元旦，在元旦中享受歌聲
10.張燈結彩歡度佳節，齊心協力共創偉業
11.城市，讓生活更美好
12.堅持科學發展和諧發展，努力把南匯建設成為民富區強、文明和諧的現代化海港新城
13.建設社會主義新農村，共創南匯美好家園
14.堅持黨的群眾路線，全心全意為人民服務
15.新年伊始，向各行各業的建設者致敬
16.新年快樂,佳節如意!
17.迎元旦，慶新春
18.歡度春節，祝福萬家
19.迎新年，講文明，樹新風，促和諧
20.以科學發展觀統領全局，推動南匯經濟社會又好又快發展
21.世界文明的盛會，我們大家的世博
22.祝大家新年快樂!
23.以我文明新貌，共慶新春佳節，喜迎世博盛會
24.文明的城市、歡慶的佳節，美好的生活
25.喜迎元旦佳節
26.搶抓新機遇，爭創新優勢，再創新輝煌
27.匯聚百川、服務兩港、創新開拓、勇立潮頭
28.與時俱進弘揚南匯精神，萬眾一心構建和諧港城
29.以黨的xx大精神為指導，抓住機遇，奮發有為，開創南匯現代化事業新局面
30.聚精會神搞建設，一心一意謀發展
工廠迎新年標語:
31.張燈結彩喜迎新年齊心協力共譜新篇
32.和氣吉祥歲歲安康四季平安年年如意祝大家新年快樂!
33.歡歡喜喜迎龍年，安全贏利又一年!
34.恭祝全廠員工新年快樂幸福安康如意吉祥
35.企業迎新年的標語或對聯:
36.謀發展公司同仁齊心協力建曠世奇功
37.運籌帷幄雄心開創千秋業
38.達權知變妙筆描繪萬代春
39.橫批財源廣進
40.大吉大利過新年，事業成功輝煌年!
41.年年順景財源廣歲歲平安福壽多
幼兒園迎新年標語
42.一干二凈除舊習五講四美樹新風
43.春*明媚山河披錦繡華夏騰飛祖國萬年輕
44.五更分兩年年年稱心一夜連兩歲歲歲如意
公司新年橫幅標語:
45.xxx公司恭賀全體員工新春愉快闔家歡樂
46.xxx公司恭祝大家新年快樂身體健康
47.XX公司祝全體員工元旦快樂!龍年大吉!
48.喜迎龍年!歡度新年!再接再勵!再創輝煌!
49.公司祝各位同仁：新年好!
元旦標語范文2
pierce v. 刺穿;刺破
license n. (=licence)執照;許可證
silly adj. 愚蠢的;傻的
earring n. 耳環
instead of 代替;而不是
stay up 不睡覺;熬夜
concentrate v. 集中;聚集
concentrate on 全神貫注;專心于
study n. 學習研究
design v. 設計;構想
present n. 目前;現在
at present 目前;現在
opportunity n. 機會;時機
volunteer v.& n. 自愿(做某事)志愿者
local adj. 地方的;當地的
experience v. 體驗;經歷
member n. 成員;會員
mess n. 混亂;臟亂
old people's home 養老院
sleepy adj. 困倦的;不活躍的
reply v. 回答;答復
newsletter n. 時事通訊;簡報
obey v. 服從;順從
in the way 當道的;妨礙人的
achieve v. 完成;實現
race v. 賽跑;比賽;n與……比賽;參加比賽
realistic adj. 現實的;注重實際的
taught v. teach的過去式或過去分詞
importance n. 重要;重要性
care v. 關心;憂慮
care about 擔心關心
succeed v. 成功;達到;完成
元旦標語范文3
1. i have two _______ (dictionary).one is english-chinese dictionary, and the other is chinese-english dictionary.
2. a: what’s the result of the race, mary?
b: jane is the ____ (one) in the race, barbara is the ____ (two) and i am the _____ (three).
3. the yellow river is the second _______ (long) river in china.
4. the boy is old enough to __________ (dress) himself.
5. the weather in beijing is quite ___________ (difference) from that in guangzhou.
6. i’m very _______ (interest) in that _________ (interest) story.
7. it’s more _________ (convenience) to take a taxi to the station than take a bus, but too expensive.
8. be careful! put the secret letter in a _________ (safety) place.
9. lucy is _________ (jealousy) of her friend’s beauty.
10. liu xiang and yang liwei are _________ (hero) in different fields.
二、試試你的判斷力，選擇正確答案。
( ) 1. everyone in our class_____.
a. enjoys to swim b. enjoy to swim c. enjoys swimming d. enjoy swimming
( ) 2.both you and i ___ wrong.
a. was b. am c. were d. is
( ) 3. they ____ many happy hours ____ along the beach during that holiday.
a. spend, walking b. spent, walking c. cost , walking d. gave, walking
( ) 4. john ____interested in chinese two years ago.
a. is b. became c. are d. were
( ) 5. ______ adults began to learn english in this small town.
a. thousand of b. thousands of c. thousand from d. thousands from
( ) 6. which one has the same meaning as “take your time”?
a. take it easy b. no hurry c. hurry up d. be quick
( ) 7. can you tell me ____________?
a. how much does it cost b. how much it is
c. how much it costs d. both b and c
( ) 8. yao ming is a _____ boy who is helping the houston rockets in nba.
a.2.16-metres-tall b. 2.26-metre-tall c. 2.16 metres tall d. 2.26 metres
( ) 9. he was ____by her beauty.
a. fascinate b. fascinated c. fascination d. fascinates
元旦標語范文4
關鍵詞：凋亡蛋白質；原核表達；可溶性；純化；穩定性
中圖分類號：Q786文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1672-979X(2008)03-0007-05
Expression, Purification and Activity Detection in vitro of Apoptin
FU Wen-bing1, SHI Xuan1, ZHAO Jian1*, FAN Li-qiang1, LI Su-xia, WANG Fu-jun2, SONG Yu-wen1, YUAN Qing-sheng1
(1. State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; 2. Zhejiang Rishengchang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zhejiang 322100, China)
Abstract ：Objective To construct an soluble expression system in E. coli for apoptin which was encoded by VP3 gene of chicken anemia virus (CAV), and study the purification and stabilization of apoptin. Methods The VP3 gene was amplified by PCR , then the segment was inserted into pET-28a (+) and the expression vector pET-28a-VP3 was constructed in E. coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant soluble protein was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3)and purified by Ni-NTA column chromatography. The stability of apoptin was analyzed under different conditions. Results The target protein was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). The purity of apoptin was beyond 90 %after purification. The target protein was better stabilized by carrageenan in E.coli BL21(DE3). Conclusion Apoptin with high purity and stability can be successfully obtained, which do a base of the further study on clinic application of apoptin.
Key words：apoptin; prokaryotic expression; solubility; purification; stability
凋亡蛋白質是雞貧血病毒（CAV）的VP3基因編碼的小分子蛋白質，由121個氨基酸組成，含有2個脯氨酸富含區和2個堿性區，近N端（33～44a）含有一個11個氨基酸組成的核運輸序列（NES），靠近C端（84～90，112～118）含有2個核定位序列（NLS）。
Noteborn等[1]研究揭示，凋亡蛋白質能夠誘導人的肝癌、淋巴瘤、白血病、乳腺癌、肺癌等多種癌細胞的凋亡，以及轉化細胞的凋亡，但對未轉化的人雙倍體細胞無損傷[2]。凋亡蛋白質的核定位可能是其誘發細胞凋亡的前提之一[3]。凋亡蛋白質選擇性誘導腫瘤細胞的凋亡不同于通常的凋亡機制，它不是通過半胱天冬酶級聯反應進行的，不需要p53參與，也不被bcl-2的過表達抑制，反而能被bcl-2所促進[4]。由于大部分腫瘤細胞具有p53突變或缺失，這種非p53依賴性使凋亡蛋白質作為抗腫瘤藥物有很好的前景。
在許多關于凋亡蛋白質表達和純化的研究中，凋亡蛋白質多以包涵體形式表達。本實驗以pET-28a為載體進行凋亡蛋白質的原核表達，嘗試不同的誘導條件及純化方法，找到了可溶性目的蛋白質表達的條件，用金屬螯合層析法直接純化得到較高得率的活性目的蛋白質，并研究其穩定性。本研究對凋亡蛋白質作為腫瘤治療藥物應用于臨床具有積極意義。
1材料和方法
1.1質粒、菌株和試劑
含有凋亡蛋白質全長基因的質粒pET-11a-VP3（浙江日升昌藥業有限公司提供）；質粒pET-28a和菌株BL21(DE3)等（本實驗室保存）；低相對分子質量蛋白質和DNA Mark（Sigma公司）；IPTG（異丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷）（BBI分裝）；SDS（十二烷基磺酸鈉）（Amresco分裝）；限制性內切酶、T4-連接酶、Taq酶（MBI公司）；其它化學試劑均為國產分析純。
1.2原核表達重組質粒的構建
VP3基因來源于pET-11a-VP3質粒。PCR引物分別為P1：5’-AATTTCAAC ATATGAACG CTCTCCAAG-3’；P2：5’- CGTCGGATCCTATT ACAGTCTTATACGC-3’。分別引入NdeI和BamHI位點。PCR產物經NdeI和BamHI雙酶切后，回收的VP3基因片段與經同樣雙酶切的質粒pET-28a連接和轉化。抽提質粒，用BamHI和NdeI對重組質粒進行雙酶切鑒定得到陽性重組質粒。
1.3凋亡蛋白質的原核表達及純化
1.3.1凋亡蛋白質的表達與鑒定將含有重組質粒pET-28a-VP3的BL21(DE3)菌株接種于LB培養基中，37 ℃培養過夜，次日按1∶100的比例稀釋后放大培養，至一定菌體濃度時，加入適量IPTG誘導培養，離心收集菌體。
SDS-PAGE分析 12 % SDS-PAGE電泳，電壓100 V，待樣品即將進入分離膠時，調節至120 V。電泳后凝膠用考馬斯亮藍溶液（45 %甲醇，10 %乙酸，0.25 %考馬斯亮藍R 250）染色。
1.3.2可溶性目的蛋白質的純化將新鮮菌體按1∶5（W∶V）的比例用Tris-HCl緩沖液（10 mmol/L Tris-HCl，10 %甘油，pH 8.5）重懸，保持在冰浴中，超聲破碎至菌液澄清。4 ℃，10 000×g離心20 min，取上清，Ni-NTA Agarose 金屬親和樹脂（Qiagen公司）分離純化。將上清液加入經Tris-HCl緩沖液平衡的Ni-NTA 介質中，4 ℃結合60 min。將混合物小心加入下端封閉的層析柱后，除去下端封蓋，收集流出液（穿出峰）。以15 mL含20 mmol/L咪唑的磷酸緩沖液漂洗后，再分別以15 mL含40，60，100，200 mmol/L咪唑的磷酸緩沖液洗脫目的蛋白質。分別收集洗脫組分，進行SDS-PAGE鑒定，Bradford法測定蛋白質濃度，凝膠掃描軟件分析純度。
1.4凋亡蛋白質溶液穩定性研究
將重組表達的凋亡蛋白質于4 ℃放置3 d后，取樣進行SDS-PAGE電泳鑒定，對照3 d前樣品觀察凋亡蛋白質在溶液狀態中的穩定性。通過改變離子強度（增加NaCl濃度）和添加不同穩定劑來增加凋亡蛋白質的穩定性。
2結果
2.1重組表達質粒的構建
以pET-11a-VP3為模板擴增PCR，得到預期大小的目的片斷。切膠回收后雙酶切（BamHI＋NdeI），酶切產物與同樣雙酶切的pET28a連接。連接產物轉化E.coli DH5α，用BamHI和NdeI雙酶切鑒定重組質粒（見圖1），得到了含有400 bp目的片段的陽性克隆，與預期結果相同。經上海生工生物公司測序驗證構建好的pET-28a-VP3，序列正確，并使凋亡蛋白質的N端帶有His-Tag，為目標蛋白質的純化提供了條件。
2.2重組蛋白質的表達
為了提高重組蛋白質的表達量，本實驗研究了IPTG的濃度。當菌體密度到達約A600 0.6時，加入IPTG至終濃度分別為0.2，0.5，1 mmol/L，30 ℃誘導表達5 h，見圖3。
由圖3可見，經1 mmol/L IPTG誘導后表達量較高，目標蛋白質相對分子質量約16×103，與預期大小一致。
2.3可溶性凋亡蛋白質的純化
誘導表達后菌體破碎離心，上清液用目的蛋白質N端的6×His咪唑基團與鎳離子特異性結合，金屬螯合層析法分離純化，得到較純的目的條帶。經SDS-PAGE電泳掃描分析，純度高于90 % ，見圖4。蛋白質濃度測定表明每克濕菌體可以到0.49 mg凋亡蛋白質。
2.4凋亡蛋白質的穩定性研究
實驗中發現凋亡蛋白質在溶液中不穩定，極易沉淀。實驗中分別取IPTG誘導后樣品立即進行SDS-PAGE分析，第3天再進行1次SDS-PAGE分析，見圖5-A、5-B。
1. 低相對分子質量標準蛋白； 2，3. 放置2 d后目標蛋白質
圖5-A. 誘導的菌體取樣后立即SDS-PAGE，1和2 皆為目標蛋白質；圖5-B. 誘導的菌體2 d后SDS-PAGE
圖5 凋亡蛋白質SDS-PAGE穩定性分析
圖5-A. 誘導的菌體取樣后立即SDS-PAGE，1和2 皆為目標蛋白質；圖5-B. 誘導的菌體2 d后SDS-PAGE
誘導的菌體取樣后立即SDS-PAGE分析，可以看到目的蛋白質的表達條帶清晰；2 d后SDS-PAGE分析，幾乎觀察不到目的蛋白質條帶，推測凋亡蛋白質隨著儲存時間延長發生了聚合。這說明可溶性表達的凋亡蛋白質在溶液狀態中易形成沉淀，一般2～3 d就發生大量聚集。因此有必要進行可溶性蛋白質的穩定性研究。
將表達得到的目的蛋白質分別保存于高、中、低3種不同鹽濃度的緩沖液中，觀察其穩定性。低鹽溶液：20 mmol/L Tris.HCl緩沖液；中鹽溶液：80 mmol/L NaCl、20 mmol/L Tris.HCl；高鹽溶液：300 mmol/L NaCl、20 mmol/L Tris.HCl。pH值均為8.0。
實驗表明，凋亡蛋白質在低鹽溶液中不穩定，在超濾過程中即有大量沉淀析出。分別取高鹽溶液和中鹽溶液中4 ℃保存48 h前、后的樣品，分析上清蛋白質濃度。2次重復實驗結果表明，高鹽蛋白質濃度平均降低16 %，中鹽溶液中平均降低34 %。推測高鹽環境更有利于凋亡蛋白質的穩定。
進一步研究，于緩沖液中加入各種穩定劑（最終濃度0.1 %）：阿拉伯樹膠、卡拉膠、瓜豆爾膠、CMC（羧甲基纖維素鈉）、明膠、高酯果膠、魔芋膠、黃原膠等，觀察是否有利于重組凋亡蛋白質的穩定性。以上樣品4 ℃保存7 d后離心得到的上清經SDS-PAGE分析，結果見圖6。
1. 對照；2. 阿拉伯樹膠；3. 卡拉膠；4. 瓜豆爾膠5.CMC；M. 低相對分子質量標準蛋白質；6. 明膠；7. 高酯果膠；8. 魔芋膠；9. 黃原膠
圖6 添加劑對凋亡蛋白質穩定性的作用分析
圖5-A. 誘導的菌體取樣后立即SDS-PAGE，1和2 皆為目標蛋白質；圖5-B. 誘導的菌體2 d后SDS-PAGE
實驗結果表明，在高鹽緩沖液中加入卡拉膠，目標蛋白質幾乎沒有沉淀，卡拉膠可以有效增強可溶性蛋白質的穩定性。
3討論
本實驗構建了表達質粒pET-28a-VP3，并在E. coli BL21(DE3) 中獲得表達，用Ni-NTA柱純化目標蛋白質。由于稀有密碼子占VP3基因氨基酸序列組成的25 %左右，為了提高表達量，本實驗選用嚴緊型表達宿主菌BL21(DE3)pLysS及促進富含稀有密碼子的基因表達的Rosetta菌株表達目的蛋白質。實驗結果（數據未列出）表明，Rosetta菌株中目的蛋白質的表達量并未增加，說明稀有密碼子不是限制其表達量提高的因素。BL21(DE3)pLysS目的蛋白質的表達量也沒有明顯變化，表明目標產物對細胞無毒性或毒性很小。由于凋亡蛋白質穩定性差，其穩定性對于其臨床應用至關重要。本實驗通過改變溶液的離子強度及添加穩定劑來增加目標蛋白質的穩定性[5]，高鹽緩沖液中加入卡拉膠可以有效增強凋亡蛋白質的穩定性[6]。本實驗為在原核生物中進行目標蛋白質的表達和分離純化，以及穩定性研究提供了簡易可行的途徑，為凋亡蛋白質的進一步藥理研究奠定了基礎。
參考文獻
[1]Noteborn H M, Danen-van Oorschot A A, Vandereb A J. The apoptin gene of chicken anemia virus in the induction of apoptosis in human tumorigenic cells and in gene therapy of cancer[J]. In:Boulikas T. ed. Gene Ther Mol Biol. 1998: 399-406
[2]Danen-van Oorschot A A, Fisher D F, Grimbergen J M, et al. Apoptin induces apoptosis in human transformed and m alignant cells but not in normal cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1997, 94 (11): 5834.
[3]Zhang Y H, Abrahams P J, Vandereb A J, et al. The viral protein apoptin induces apoptosis in UV-C- irradiated cells from individuals with various hereditary cancer- prone syndromes[J]. Cancer Res, 1999, 59 (12): 3010-3015.
[4]Noteborn M H, Zhang Y H, Vandereb A J. Apoptin specifically causes apoptosis in tumor cell and after UV-treatment in untransformed cells from cancer-pron individuals: areview[J]. Mutat Res, 1998, 400(1-2): 447.
元旦標語范文5
關鍵詞 跳表示；濾波電路；濾波電容；雷擊
中圖分類號：U262 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1671-7597（2014）13-0183-01
道岔控制表示單元是鐵路信號微機聯鎖系統的重要元器件，在道岔控制電路中起著控制道岔轉換、鎖閉和給出表示的作用，其運行的可靠性直接影響信號系統的可靠性和安全性。每一組道岔均對應一臺控制表示單元，山鋼集團萊蕪分公司運輸部6套微機聯鎖系統，共應用控制表示單元310臺。在設備維護中我們發現，道岔控制表示單元常出現的故障有“跳表示”和雷擊兩種，占總故障的80%以上。為保障設備的穩定運行，降低故障率，同時做好設備修舊利廢工作，使故障的元器件得到重新利用，我們對其進行深入分析和研究。
1 表示電路原理分析
道岔控制表示單元電路分三部分，控制電路、轉換鎖閉電路和表示電路。三部分電路除共用電源外，電路部分彼此獨立，工作狀態互不影響?！疤硎尽惫收习l生在表示電路，雷擊故障大多數只擊壞表示電路，故對表示電路進行深入分析。
道岔表示電路原理圖如圖1。
圖1 道岔表示電路原理圖
由圖可以看出，此電路由上下對稱兩部分組成，下半部分為定位表示電路，上半部分為反位表示電路，電源由53輸入，道岔在定位時，53、63有30 V的交流表示電源，在反位時53、51有30 V的交流表示電源，兩路電源分別通過兩個濾波電路，分別給光耦TLP521-2和固態繼電器K2提供電源。工作正常時，定位表示電由62輸出，反位表示電由52輸出。
當道岔處在定位時，30 V的交流表示電由53、63輸入后，經過D4和D26單相整流，和C2、C20的電容濾波，原來的交流電變成直流供下一級電路使用。D26和C20整流濾波后，24V直流電送到K2繼電器線圈兩端，K2得電吸起；D4和C2整流濾波后的6V電源送到光耦TLP521-2工作，經過電阻R4分壓后，1、2端電壓1.2 V左右，使內部發光二極管導通發光，內部三極管7、8耦合導通，使KZ24V電源經過繼電器K2的9、13和K1的6、4接點到達62，經62輸出到微機聯鎖主機，使主機能夠辨識定位表示，通過顯示器顯示。
當道岔處在反位時，原理與定位相同。
2 故障原因分析與處理
1）“跳表示”故障。經過以上電路分析，表示電路的正常工作與濾波電路、光耦TLP521-2及固態繼電器的性能有關。用萬用表反復測量，確定光耦TLP521-2、OMRON24V固態繼電器及周圍電阻電容等元件均狀態良好，無燒損、短路或斷路情況。查找光耦TLP521-2參數資料，其輸入端典型工作電壓和轉換電流為5V 16 mA，最大25 mA。D3、D4為1N4735A，1W6.2V穩壓二極管，R4、R5由以下公式確定其阻值：
R=（U-U二極管×3）/I =（6.2-0.7×3）/0.016≈256 Ω
由色標確認R4、R5阻值為220Ω，接近256Ω。使用220 Ω電阻時，電路中電流為：
I=（U-U二極管×3）/ R=（6.2-0.7×3）/220=0.0164=16.4 mA
電路中電流接近典型值，因此，R4、R5電阻選擇適當。
故障的發生還可能與濾波電路的設計有關，則內部三極管7、8導通不正常，而控制光耦TLP521-2耦合導通的電源來自前級的濾波電容和穩壓二極管C2、 D4和C1、D3，濾波電容C1和C2容量的大小與充放電能力直接影響光耦內二極管的導通，從而也間接影響了三極管的導通，故障原因可能出現在與濾波電容的選擇上，于是重新核算C1、C2電容容量。
在濾波電路中電容的選擇應遵循以下公式：
C≥（3-5）T/2R
R為電路負載電阻，R≈R4=R5=220 Ω
T為50 Hz工頻電路，T=1/50=0.02 s
經計算得出：C≥136-227uf
因此，原來應用的100uf的電容容量太低，長時間使用后，容量還會下降，濾波電壓不穩定，進而造成供給光耦輸入端的電壓不穩定，當二極管發光較弱時，三極管不能導通。輸出端電壓不穩定，經過其導通輸出的KZ24V電壓時有時無，就造成道岔表示的閃爍，形成了道岔“跳表示”故障。
在濾波電容C的選擇上，容量應越大越好，越大輸出電壓的波形變得更為平滑、起伏更小，濾波電壓更穩定，但在電路接通瞬間，電路中所產生的沖擊電流太大，對電路中其它元器件會造成損壞。因此，C1，C2選擇容量220uf耐壓值25 V的電解電容即可。
基于以上原因分析，我們對故障的18臺道岔控制表示單元進行了維修，將C1、C2均更換為220uf的大容量電容，更換后貼好標簽，做好標記，送信號樓微機聯鎖道岔柜進行應用試驗，重點監督運行狀態，使用一個月未再發生“跳表示”故障，由此斷定，原因分析和解決措施是正確的。以后陸續對同批次的道岔控制表示單元電容進行了更換，“跳表示”故障未在出現。
2）雷擊故障。通過對十幾臺被雷擊的道岔控制表示單元的研究分析發現，多數都是擊壞表示電路元件，雷電沿道岔控制線X3進入設備內部，擊壞元件如下：①擊壞光電耦合器521-2P，輸入端二極管短路，外殼崩裂，元件無法再用；②擊壞整流濾波元件D3、D25或D4、D26，二極管短路，光電耦合器521-2P沒有輸入電源，不能工作；③擊壞R5、D5，光電耦合器前級電阻和定、反位表示燈，電路無法工作，無法給出表示。
我們對雷擊損壞的元器件進行了更換，對修復的控制表示單元進行綜合電氣參數測試后，送信號樓在道岔機柜上進行應用試驗，確認合格后貼標簽備用。
3 結束語
“跳表示”故障的發生與廠家供應的設備質量有關，為此對同批次所有控制表示單元進行了檢查，對所有C1、C2使用小容量的控制表示單元進行了更換，與廠家聯系退回，協商賠償損失。同時聯系廠家對設備設計、安裝及元器件應用進行再檢查，防止此類問題發生。
同時探索在道岔控制電路X3中加裝雷電防護裝置，當雷電發生時進行有效的隔離和放電，防止雷電竄入擊壞設備。
元旦標語范文6
Ⅰ. 詞匯
A. 根據句意及首字母提示,寫出下列各句空白處所缺的單詞｡
1. You should drink p_____of water. It’s good for your health.
2. Helen is a scientist. She has been doing her r_____work for many years.
3. It’s not polite to talk loudly in p.
4. Don’t talk only. I want all of you to find some s_____to the problems we have to face tomorrow.
5. What would you do if you won a lot of money in the sports l?
B. 用方框中所給詞語的適當形式填空｡
1. Let’s_____ ourselves into two groups.
2. They_____ Betty to have dinner with them for the Spring Festival yesterday.
3. I’d like to_____ her to you.
4. What’s the matter with you? Are you in_____?
5. The government should solve these_____ problems.
6. Tom hopes that his mother is his good_____.
7. The weather is_____ good. Why not go out for a walk?
8. If you really want to help her, what about_____ a good idea for her?
9. I’m sorry for_____ school.
10. If I_____ you, I’d take some fruits to see her mother.
Ⅱ. 單項選擇
1. There’re_____ people in this city.
A. two millions of B. two million
C. million of D. two million of
2. The young woman has so many dresses, so she doesn’t know_____ every morning.
A. which to wear B. how to wear
C. what to put on D. how to put on
3. What would you do if you cut yourself_____ accident?
A. with B. at C. by D. in
4. ―All of my friends have said they will come.
―_____ they do not come?
A. Even if B. What if C. How if D. Why if
5. After a day’s long walk, I was_____ to walk any further.
A. too tired B. tired enough C. so tired D. fairly tired
6. His parents don’t let him_____ a pet. What should he do?
A. have B. to have C. has D. had
7. James is_____, and he is hardly ever tired.
A. outgoing B. confindent C. creative D. energetic
8. Our teacher asked us_____ afraid of talking in public.
A. not to B. to be not C. not be D. not to be
9. Let’s wait for her_____ to us.
A. introduce herself B. introducing her
C. to introduce her D. to introduce herself
10. He is so confindent that_____ he annoys others.
A. some time B. sometime C. sometimes D. some times
11. Amy is very friendly. She is easy to_____.
A. catch up with B. get along
C. go on with D. get along with
12. I_____ read some good books than watch a bad TV program.
A. would rather B. would like
C. had better D. prefer to
13. This doesn’t trouble him_____.
A. at the most B. the slightest
C. at the slightest D. in the slightest
14. The public_____ not always right.
A. are B. is C. am D. be
15. The number of people invited_____ fifty, but a number of them_____ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
Ⅲ. 句型轉換按照括號內的要求改寫下列句子｡每空限填一詞｡
1. I don’t want to play football in the slightest. (改為同義句)
I don’t want to play football__________.
2. “Can my friends be in the movie?” he asked.(改為帶賓語從句的主從復合句)
He asked_____ his friends_____ be in the movie.
3. If there is no air, people can’t live.(改為簡單句)
People can_____ live_____ air.
4. I’ll fly to Paris if I have a lot of money.(改為虛擬語氣的句子)
I__________ to Paris if I_____ a lot of money.
5. The girl looks very shy.(對劃線部分提問)
__________the girl_____?
Ⅳ. 漢譯英根據漢語句子,完成英語句子｡每空限填一詞｡
1. 如果他是你的話,他就不會上學遲到｡
If he_____ you, he_______________ late for school.
2. 他寧愿呆在家里看書也不愿去參加晚會｡
He’d_____ stay at home and read a book_____ go to the party.
3. 她在考試中總是名列前茅｡
She always__________ in exams.
4. 別讓你父母失望,他們想讓你成為最棒的｡
Don’t_____ your parents_____, they want you to be the best one.
5. 我弟弟常常未經允許就和朋友們外出了｡
My brother often went out with his friends__________.
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Overhead bridges can be seen in many parts of Singapore, especially in the places where traffic is very heavy and crossing the road is 1.
These bridges can make people cross roads safely. Overhead bridges are used in very much the same way as zebra crossing.
They are more efficient(效率高的), 2 less convenient because people have to climb up a lot of steps. This is inconvenient to the old. When people 3 an overhead bridge, they do not hold up traffic. But when they cross a 4 road using a zebra crossing, traffic is held up. This is why the government has built many overhead bridges to help people and 5 traffic moving at the same time.
The government of Singapore has 6 a lot of money building these bridges. For their own safety, people should be encouraged to use them 7 rushing across the road. Old people may find it a little 8 to climb up and down the steps, but it is still much safer than walking across the road 9 all the moving traffic.
Overhead bridges are very useful. People, both old and young, should 10 use them. This will stop accidents from happening.
1. A. noisy B. not safe C. crowded D. not busy
2. A. though B. or C. if D. till
3. A. pass B. use C. visit D. build
4. A. wide B. narrow C. busy D. free
5. A. see B. keep C. find D. feel
6. A. used B. made C. spent D. borrowed
7. A. full of B. fond of C. in spite of D. instead of
8. A. difficult B. different C. worried D. excited
9. A. past B. along C. about D. with
10. A. almost B. always C. nearly D. hardly
Ⅵ. 閱讀理解
(A)
The zipper is a wonderful invention. How did people ever live without zippers? Zippers are very common, so we forget that they are wonderful. They are very strong, but they open and close very easily. They come in many colors and sizes.
In the 1890s, people in the United States wore high shoes with a long row of buttons, too. People wanted an easier way to put on and take off clothes.
Whitcomb L. Judson invented the zipper in 1893. He was an engineer in Chicago. He called the zipper a slide fastener. However, it didn’t stay closed very well. This was not satisfactory, and people didn’t buy many of them. Then Dr Gideon Sundback from Sweden solved this problem.
A zipper has three parts: 1. There are dozens of metal or plastic hooks(called teeth) in two rows. 2. These hooks are fixed to two strips of cloth. The cloth strips can bend easily. 3. A fastener slides along and fixes the hooks together. When it slides the other way, it takes the hooks apart.
Dr Sundback put the hooks on the strips of cloth, and therefore held all the hooks in place. They don’t come apart very easily. This solved the problem of the first zippers.
1. Zippers are better than buttons because_____.
A. they are much stronger
B. they have more colors and sizes
C. they open and close more easily
D. they stay closed much better
2. A zipper stays closed when its fastener_____.
A. takes the hooks apart B. slides along the hooks
C. fastens the hooks together D. holds some hooks in place
3. The problem of the first zippers was that_____.
A. people didn’t buy many of them
B. they were very expensive
C. they didn’t close easily
D. they came apart very easily
4. Dr Sundback solved the problem of the first zippers by_____.
A. fixing the hooks on two cloth strips
B. fixing a slide fastener to the two cloth strips
C. fixing the two cloth strips in the proper position
D. fixing dozens of metal hooks in two rows
5. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
A. A zipper has hooks, cloth strips, and a slide fastener.
B. People didn’t like the first zippers.
C. Mr Judson and Dr Sundback gave us a wonderful invention, the zipper.
D. Zippers are very common and wonderful.
(B)
Lawn(草地) tennis is a good sport, being based on the ancient game of court tennis, which came up in Egypt or Persia some 2,500 years ago. Walter Wingfield thought that something like court tennis could be played outdoors on lawns, and in December 1873, he introduced his new game, which he called Sphairistike, at lawn party in Wales. The sport became popular very rapidly, but the strange, difficult name disappeared almost at once, being replaced by the very simple and logical(符合邏輯的) term “lawn tennis”. In 1874 the game was being played by British soldiers in Bermuda, and in the early months of that year a young lady named Mary Outerbridge returned from Bermuda to New York, bringing with her the equipment necessary to play the new game. With the help of one of her brothers, she laid out a court on the grounds of the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club, and then, in the spring of 1874, Miss Outerbridge and some of her friends played the first game of lawn tennis in the United States. And just two years later, in 1876, the first United States lawn tennis tournament(錦標賽)was held at Nahant near Boston.
6. Mary Outerbridge is important in the history of lawn tennis because
.
A. she invented the game
B. she gave the game its name
C. she introduced the game to Bermuda
D. she introduced the game to the United States
7. The new game called Sphairistike appeared in_____ in 1873.
A. America B. Europe C. Bermuda D. Egypt
8. Lawn tennis was introduced to the United States in_____.
A. 1873 B. 1874
C. 1876 D. None of the above
9. The first United States lawn tennis game was played_____.
A. at Nahant B. on the Staten Island
C. in Boston D. None of the above
10. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Lawn tennis became popular very rapidly in the United States.
B. It was Walter Wingfield who invented court tennis.
C. The sport was called “lawn tennis” shortly after it was invented.
D. Miss Outerbridge set up a lawn tennis court with the help of her brother.
Unit 5
Ⅰ. 詞匯
A. 根據已給首字母及括號內的漢語提示,寫出下列各句空白處所缺的單詞｡
1. Shall we go out for a p_____(郊游)on Sunday afternoon?
2. There’re four o(海洋) in the world. Can you name them?
3. The police arrived at the c(關鍵的) moment and saved the girl.
4. Daniel is my next door n(鄰居). We often help each other.
5. Don’t throw g(垃圾) here and there, Tony. We must keep our classroom clean.
B. 用方框中所給單詞的適當形式填空｡
1. If you want to see Dr Smith, you should make an_____ with him in advance.
2. Our team was so_____ that we were sure we would win.
3. Don’t be_____ about me any more, Mum. I’ve grown up.
4. ―Oh, Dad, I’m afraid. The dog is barking at me.
―Don’t be afraid, dear. Do you know the saying “_____ dogs never bite”?
5. Zhang Yimou and Feng Xiaogang are famous_____ in China.
6. After the tsunami(海嘯), the life became_____ difficult for the people there.
7. My little sister was so clever that she could_____ from one to one hundred at the age of four.
8. A thief_____ from the police after hitting a policeman on the nose.
9. The wolf_____ to be dead when he saw a hunter.
10. He was tired and_____ himself into the chair.
Ⅱ. 單項選擇
1. The book_____ be Tom’s. Look! His name is on it.
A. have to B. might C. could D. must
2. Jim is_____ child in Mr Green’s family. He has no brothers or sisters.
A. only a B. only the C. an alone D. the only
3. Simon_____ be at home now. He went to America this morning.
A. must B. mustn’t C. might not D. can’t
4. ―_____guitar is this?
―It’s mine.
A. Who B. Who’s C. Whose D. Whose’s
5. The soccer_____ be Brian’s. I remember he has one.
A. can B. would C. might D. has to
6. I’m busy,_____, I’d like to go to listen to Zhou Jielun.
A. however B. but C. though D. and
7. ―Oh, Jimmy. I_____ you_____ in Beijing.
―I’ve been here for two weeks.
A. don’t think; are B. didn’t think; were
C. didn’t think; are D. don’t think; were
8. I had no_____ that you were here.
A. mind B. idea C. heart D. think
9. There will be a math test on_____ tomorrow.
A. algebra B. chemistry C. geography D. physics
10. She was very_____ because she couldn’t find her mobile phone.
A. pleased B. strange C. carelessly D. anxious
11. They had to put off the football match_____ the heavy rain.
A. because B. with C. because of D. since
12.―How many_____ do you have, Jimmy?
―Twenty.
A. toy’s cars B. toys cars C. toys’ cars D. toy cars
13. I’m not the_____ of the guitar. It could be Jim’s.
A. owner B. teacher C. author D. inventor
14. Here’s the last bus. Let’s_____.
A. get on it B. get it on C. get off it D. get it off
15. They tried_____ the bus, but failed.
A. to catching B. catching C. to catch D. caught
Ⅲ. 同義句轉換 根據上句,完成下句,使兩句意思基本相同｡
1. Who can tell me how I can get to the station?
Who can tell me how_______________ the station?
2. Mike didn’t see anybody enter the building before ten.
Nobody____________________ the building before ten.
3. The bench was so long that all of us were able to sit on it.
The bench was long enough___________________________________.
4. I think that it is important to master a foreign language.
I think____________________ a foreign language.
5. Mary spent 3, 000 yuan on the color TV set.
The color TV set__________ 3, 000 yuan.
6. Of all the songs, this is the most popular.
This song is more popular____________________.
7. Mother didn’t do the work for her little son, but taught him how to do it.
Instead of____________________ her little son, she taught him how to do it.
8. I don’t know either Russian or French.
I know____________________.
9. If you take a bus, you will get there in about two hours.
_______________about two hours_______________ by bus.
10. I’d rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.
I prefer__________ at home_______________ the cinema.
Ⅴ. 漢譯英 將下列句子譯成英語｡
1. 海明威是她最喜愛的作家｡
2. 我們不要不懂裝懂｡
3. 這部詞典是屬于圖書館的｡
4. 我怕把他吵醒了｡
5. 回家吃飯請別遲到｡
Ⅵ. 完形填空
Tolstoy, a great Russian writer, liked to walk about in a railway station near his home. One day when he was walking up and down as usual, looking at people getting on and off the 1, he heard a lady 2 after him, “Hey, you old fellow, go and fetch my handbag in the 3 room which I left there.
Tolstoy 4 there. He 5 the bag up and walked quickly along the platform(站臺). 6 the same time the lady was waiting beside the carriage, looking 7. When at last the old man gave the bag back to her, she opened it to 8 sure nothing was missing. “Good, old man,” said the woman. “You are just as quick as I hope. Here you are.” Tolstoy 9 the coin and put it into his pocket with a smile.
But the woman was very 10 when she heard that he was Tolstoy, the author of the great novel WAR AND PEACE. How interesting it was!
1. A. trains B. bikes C. cars D. planes
2. A. telling B. talking C. speaking D. shouting
3. A. dining B. next C. waiting D. meeting
4. A. jumped B. passed C. went D. came
5. A. took B. gave C. picked D. lifted
6. A. At B. By C. For D. In
7. A. back B. happy C. well D. worried
8. A. make B. get C. do D. take
9. A. showed B. picked C. watched D. took
10. A. worried B. surprised C. happy D. angry
Ⅶ. 閱讀理解
(A)
Good morning, class!
Today, I’ll talk about going online.
We know that there are too many net bars(網吧) around us. The Internet can make our lives interesting and enjoyable. Many of us like going online very much because we can learn how to use the computer and can get more information from the Internet. We can learn English. We can read some good newspapers and magazines. We can send e-mails to our friends quickly. We can chat freely online with our friends. We can get in touch with people from all over the world. We can play computer games on the Internet, because it can help develop our intelligence. But some students spend too much time playing computer games and some even stay in the net bars day and night. Some boys or girls get to having girlfriends or boyfriends online. It takes them too much time to chat online so they do worse and worse in their lessons and they don’t study well any more. I think we mustn’t get online when it is time for us to study. We can do it in summer or winter holidays. I think we should get online with adults――our teachers or parents.
At the same time, if we have lots of free time, we can do some out-of-class activities at school. We usually have activities from 4:50 to 5:50 in the afternoon. If you are interested in sports, you can play basketball or football. We also have some interest groups at school, such as drawing, singing and dancing. We can go to the English Corner on Monday afternoon. We can practise talking in English there. We hope we can spend less time on the Internet but more time on our subjects or such activities so that we can learn a lot.
Thank you for listening to me. That’s all.
1. The short passage is about_____.
A. going online B. how to communicate with others
C. the teachers or parents D. different kinds of activities
2. The Internet can make our lives_____.
A. helpful and important B. enjoyable and interesting
C. enjoyable but expensive D. interesting but tiring
3._____ is not good.
A. Going online by yourself
B. Reading newspapers and magazines online
C. Going online with adults
D. Spending all day in the net bars
4. Playing computer games moderately(適度地) can help make us_____.
A. healthy B. strong C. clever D. lazy
5. Which of the following is NOT right?
A. There are too many net bars in the cities.
B. We can learn English on the Internet.
C. We mustn’t get online when we are studying at school.
D. We can spend most of the time on the Internet.
(B)
Some people say laughter is the best medicine. Scientists are beginning to agree with this. They are studying laughter seriously and finding it is really good for us.
So what happens when we laugh? We use fifteen different muscles in our face, and laughing is good for every organ in our body. When we laugh, we breathe quickly and exercise the face, shoulders and chest. Our blood pressure goes down, and our circulation gets better. Our heart beat gets slower and our brain makes a natural painkiller.
Every minute we laugh is the same as forty-five minutes of relaxation①. Many doctors around the world believe that laughter helps us get better when we are sick②.
Of course, there are many kinds of laughter. We may change the way we laugh in different situations. But we all have a laugh that is special to us. How do you usually laugh?
根據短文內容,完成下列任務｡
6. 用學過的詞解釋注①:
7. 句意填詞:If a man stops laughing suddenly, his heart beat maybe gets_____.
8. According to the passage, which of the following is right?
A. People laugh in the same way.
B. One should learn different ways of laughing.
C. We need to laugh forty-five minutes each day.
D. Everyone has his own way of laughing.
9. 用一個英語句子概括本文的大意:_________________________
10. 把注②譯成漢語:________________________________________
Key to Unit 4:
Ⅰ. A. 1. plenty2. research3. public4. solutions5. lottery
B. 1. divide2. invited3. introduce4. trouble5. social6. listener7. pretty8. coming up with9. being late for10. were
Ⅱ.1-5 BACBA6-10 ADDDC11-15 DADAC
Ⅲ. A) 1. at, all2. if/whether, could3. not, without4. would, fly, had5. How, does; look
Ⅳ. 1. were, would, not, be2. rather, than 3. comes, top4. let, down5. without, permission
Ⅴ. 1-5 BAACB6-10 CDADB
Ⅵ. 1-5 CCDAC6-10 DBBBB
Key to Unit 5:
Ⅰ. A. 1. picnic 2. oceans 3. crucial4. neighbor5. garbage
B. 1. appointment2. confident3. worried4. Barking5. directors
6. extremely7. count8. escaped9. pretended10. dropped
Ⅱ. 1-5 DDDCC 6-10 ABBAD 11-15 CDAAC
Ⅲ. 1. to, get, to2. was, seen, to, enter3. for, all, of, us, to, sit, on4. it, important, to, master5. cost, Mary6. than, any, other, song7. doing, the, work, for8. neither, Russian, nor, French9. It, takes, you, to, get, there10. watchng, TV, to, going, to
Ⅳ. 1. Hemingway is her favorite author.
2. We mustn’t pretend to know what we don’t know.
3. This dictionary belongs to the library.
4. I was afraid of waking him.
5. Please try to be home in time for dinner.
